| TAZ-TFG-2015-2502 |
Adición de catalizadores de bajo coste durante la pirólisis de alperujo para la mejora de la producción de biochar y la calidad del gas generado
Alvira Dobón, Darío Santiago
Azuara Medel, Manuel (dir.) ; Manyà Cervelló, Joan J. (dir.)
Universidad de Zaragoza,
EPSHUES,
2015
Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente department, Ingeniería Química area
Graduado en Ciencias Ambientales
Tipo de Trabajo Académico: Trabajo Fin de Grado
Notas: Two-phase olive mill waste or “alperujo”, an olive oil sub-product, after being dried goes to the cogeneration of electric power and thermal energy by means of combustion. Nevertheless, due to the high quantity of waste produced, around 4 million tons per year in Spain, and due to management problems generated by its phytotoxicity and semi-solid texture, it’s necessary to find alternative solutions for its management. The current research considers the slow pyrolysis of this biomass in order to obtain a high stable biochar, a product that offers some environmental benefits because of CO2 retention, improvement or the properties of agricultural soils and remediation of contaminated soils. With the thermobalance’s experiments it has been shown that the final temperature of 600 C is the most optimal to produce a high stable biochar (high percentage of fixed carbon and high fixed carbon yield). Furthermore, tests performed in a pressurized reactor showed a positive effect of the pressure on the promotion of secondary reactions and consequently, an increase in the fixed-carbon contained in the produced char as well as an increase in the pyrolysis gas yield at the expense of tar production. On the other hand, it has been studied the addition of alkali (K2CO3) and alkali earth metals (CaO) for act as catalysts able to improve the biochar’s properties. A refuse material coming from a mechanical and biological treatment plant of municipal solid waste has also been used as additive. Experimental results indicated that the addition of all materials, including the refuse material, leads to the production of biochars with a higher stability as well as a better composition of the produced gas (higher contents of hydrogen and methane). Interestingly, the effect of pressure on pyrolysis results when additives were used was almost negligible. Hence, the major finding of this work is that the addition of the additives to the pyrolysis of olive mill waste leads to more stable biochars even at atmospheric pressure. In other words, working under moderate pressure seems to be not necessary in such conditions resulting in a reduction in costs. In addition, a new pathway is open in order to valorize a MSW-derived waste, the management of which is currently a significant environmental issue.
Notas: Two-phase olive mill waste or “alperujo”, an olive oil sub-product, after being dried goes to the cogeneration of electric power and thermal energy by means of combustion. Nevertheless, due to the high quantity of waste produced, around 4 million tons per year in Spain, and due to management problems generated by its phytotoxicity and semi-solid texture, it’s necessary to find alternative solutions for its management. The current research considers the slow pyrolysis of this biomass in order to obtain a high stable biochar, a product that offers some environmental benefits because of CO2 retention, improvement or the properties of agricultural soils and remediation of contaminated soils. With the thermobalance’s experiments it has been shown that the final temperature of 600 C is the most optimal to produce a high stable biochar (high percentage of fixed carbon and high fixed carbon yield). Furthermore, tests performed in a pressurized reactor showed a positive effect of the pressure on the promotion of secondary reactions and consequently, an increase in the fixed-carbon contained in the produced char as well as an increase in the pyrolysis gas yield at the expense of tar production. On the other hand, it has been studied the addition of alkali (K2CO3) and alkali earth metals (CaO) for act as catalysts able to improve the biochar’s properties. A refuse material coming from a mechanical and biological treatment plant of municipal solid waste has also been used as additive. Experimental results indicated that the addition of all materials, including the refuse material, leads to the production of biochars with a higher stability as well as a better composition of the produced gas (higher contents of hydrogen and methane). Interestingly, the effect of pressure on pyrolysis results when additives were used was almost negligible. Hence, the major finding of this work is that the addition of the additives to the pyrolysis of olive mill waste leads to more stable biochars even at atmospheric pressure. In other words, working under moderate pressure seems to be not necessary in such conditions resulting in a reduction in costs. In addition, a new pathway is open in order to valorize a MSW-derived waste, the management of which is currently a significant environmental issue.
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