000107472 001__ 107472 000107472 005__ 20231215090957.0 000107472 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/publications9030038 000107472 0248_ $$2sideral$$a124719 000107472 037__ $$aART-2021-124719 000107472 041__ $$aeng 000107472 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6221-2824$$aEsteban-Navarro, Miguel Ángel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000107472 245__ $$aSpanish fact-checking services: an approach to their business models 000107472 260__ $$c2021 000107472 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000107472 5203_ $$aThe proliferation of fact-checking services is a fast-growing global phenomenon, especially in Western countries. These services are the response of journalism to disinformation, that has transformed a common internal procedure of journalistic work in the core of a business directed to the general public, also offered to the companies of mass media and social media. Literature review shows that the research on fact-checking has focused on the origin, funding, relationship with the media, procedures, and experiences related to politics and COVID-19. However, the ownership structure of the fact-checking services has been superficially analysed and the business model of these platforms has not yet been studied in detail and depth. The objective of this article is to identify and analyse the business model of the nine Spanish active fact-checking services through a documentary research of public information sources and the information that these services give about themselves. This paper explains their ownership structure and income provenance, from open information sources. The findings are that the fact-checking services that depend on media groups are no strangers to the trend of opacity usual in these groups, but in the case of fact-checking services that are born as initiatives of journalists, the trend towards transparency is, in the majority of cases, clear. However, the information provided by the Spanish fact-checking services is deficient and does not allow us to discover their business models, except in the case of Newtral and, to a certain extent, Maldita. 000107472 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S29-20R-GICID 000107472 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000107472 592__ $$a0.399$$b2021 000107472 594__ $$a3.5$$b2021 000107472 593__ $$aBusiness and International Management$$c2021$$dQ2 000107472 593__ $$aMedia Technology$$c2021$$dQ2 000107472 593__ $$aComputer Science Applications$$c2021$$dQ2 000107472 593__ $$aCommunication$$c2021$$dQ2 000107472 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000107472 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0050-6979$$aNogales-Bocio, Antonia-Isabel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000107472 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7816-0050$$aGarcía-Madurga, Miguel-Ángel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000107472 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4459-9361$$aMorte-Nadal, Tamara$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000107472 7102_ $$14012$$2650$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas$$cÁrea Organización de Empresas 000107472 7102_ $$15013$$2105$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bUnidad Predepartam. Period.Co.$$cÁrea Comunic.Audiovis.Publici. 000107472 773__ $$g9, 3 (2021), 38 [18 pp.]$$tPublications$$x2304-6775 000107472 8564_ $$s304016$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/107472/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000107472 8564_ $$s2757540$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/107472/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000107472 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:107472$$particulos$$pdriver 000107472 951__ $$a2023-12-15-09:00:47 000107472 980__ $$aARTICLE