Martínez Aranda, Sergio
García Navarro, Pilar (dir.)
Universidad de Zaragoza,
2021
Resumen: Entre los fenómenos superficiales geofísicos y medioambientales, los flujos rápidos de mezclas de agua y sedimentos son probablemente los más exigentes y desconocidos de los procesos movidos por gravedad. El transporte de sedimentos es ubicuo en los cuerpos de agua naturales, como ríos, crecidas, costas o estuarios, además de ser el principal proceso en deslizamientos, flujos de detritos y coladas barro. En este tipo de flujos, el material fluidificado en movimiento consiste en una mezcla de agua y múltiples fases sólidas, que pueden ser de distinta naturaleza como diferentes clases de sedimento, materiales orgánicos, solutos químicos o metales pesados en lodos mineros. El modelado del transporte de sedimentos involucra una alta complejidad debido a las propiedades variables de la mezcla agua-sólidos, el acoplamiento de procesos físicos y la presencia de fenómenos multicapa. Los modelos matemáticos bidimensionales promediados en la vertical ('shallow-type') se construyen en el contexto de flujos superficiales y son aplicables a un amplio rango de estos procesos geofísicos que involucran transporte de sedimentos. Su resolución numérica en el marco de los métodos de Volúmenes Finitos (VF) está controlada por el conjunto de ecuaciones escogido, las propiedades dinámicas del sistema, el acoplamiento entre las variables del flujo y la malla computacional seleccionada. Además, la estimación de los términos fuente de masa y momento puede también afectar la robustez y precisión de la solución. La complejidad de la resolución numérica y el coste computacional de simulación crecen considerablemente con el número de ecuaciones involucradas. Además, la mayor parte de estos flujos son altamente transitorios y ocurren en terrenos irregulares con altas pendientes, requiriendo el uso de una discretización espacial no-estructurada refinada para capturar la complejidad del terreno e incrementando exponencialmente el tiempo computacional. Por tanto, el esfuerzo computacional es uno de los grandes retos para la aplicación de modelos promediados 2D en flujos realistas con grandes escalas espaciales y largas duraciones de evento. En esta tesis, modelos matemáticos superficiales 2D apropiados, algoritmos numéricos de VF robustos y precisos, y códigos eficientes de computación de alto rendimiento son combinados para desarrollar Herramientas Eficientes de Simulación (HES) para procesos medioambientales superficiales involucrando transporte de sedimentos con escalas temporales y espaciales realistas. Nuevas HES capaces de trabajar en mallas estructuradas y no-estructuradas son propuestas para el flujos de lodo/detritos con densidad variable, transporte pasivo en suspensión y transporte de fondo generalizado. Una atención especial es puesta en el acoplamiento entre las variables del sistema y en la integración de los términos fuente de masa y momento. Las propiedades de cada HES han sido cuidadosamente analizadas y sus capacidades demostradas usando tests de validación analíticos y experimentales, así como mediciones en eventos reales.
Resumen (otro idioma): Among the geophysical and environmental surface phenomena, rapid flows of water and sediment mixtures are probably the most challenging and unknown gravity-driven processes. Sediment transport is ubiquitous in environmental water bodies such as rivers, floods, coasts and estuaries, but also is the main process in wet landslides, debris flows and muddy slurries. In this kind of flows, the fluidized material in motion consists of a mixture of water and multiple solid phases which might be of different nature, such as different sediment size-classes, organic materials, chemical solutes or heavy metals in mine tailings. Modeling sediment transport involves an increasing complexity due to the variable bulk properties in the sediment-water mixture, the coupling of physical processes and the presence of multiple layers phenomena. Two-dimensional shallow-type mathematical models are built in the context of free surface flows and are applicable to a large number of these geophysical surface processes involving sediment transport. Their numerical solution in the Finite Volume (FV) framework is governed by the particular set of equations chosen, by the dynamical properties of the system, by the coupling between flow variables and by the computational grid choice. Moreover, the estimation of the mass and momentum source terms can also affect the robustness and accuracy of the solution. The complexity of the numerical resolution and the computational cost of simulation tools increase considerably with the number of equations involved. Furthermore, most of these highly unsteady flows usually occur along very steep and irregular terrains which require to use a refined non-structured spatial discretization in order to capture the terrain complexity, increasing exponentially the computational times. So that, the computational effort required is one of the biggest challenges for the application of depth-averaged 2D models to realistic large-scale long-term flows. Throughout this thesis, proper 2D shallow-type mathematical models, robust and accurate FV numerical algorithms and efficient high-performance computational codes are combined to develop Efficient Simulation Tools (EST's) for environmental surface processes involving sediment transport with realistic temporal and spatial scales. New EST's able to deal with structured and unstructured meshes are proposed for variable-density mud/debris flows, passive suspended transport and generalized bedload transport. Special attention is paid to the coupling between system variables and to the integration of mass and momentum source terms. The features of each EST have been carefully analyzed and their capabilities have been demonstrated using analytical and experimental benchmark tests, as well as observations in real events.
Resumen (otro idioma): Among the geophysical and environmental surface phenomena, rapid flows of water and sediment mixtures are probably the most challenging and unknown gravity-driven processes. Sediment transport is ubiquitous in environmental water bodies such as rivers, floods, coasts and estuaries, but also is the main process in wet landslides, debris flows and muddy slurries. In this kind of flows, the fluidized material in motion consists of a mixture of water and multiple solid phases which might be of different nature, such as different sediment size-classes, organic materials, chemical solutes or heavy metals in mine tailings. Modeling sediment transport involves an increasing complexity due to the variable bulk properties in the sediment-water mixture, the coupling of physical processes and the presence of multiple layers phenomena. Two-dimensional shallow-type mathematical models are built in the context of free surface flows and are applicable to a large number of these geophysical surface processes involving sediment transport. Their numerical solution in the Finite Volume (FV) framework is governed by the particular set of equations chosen, by the dynamical properties of the system, by the coupling between flow variables and by the computational grid choice. Moreover, the estimation of the mass and momentum source terms can also affect the robustness and accuracy of the solution. The complexity of the numerical resolution and the computational cost of simulation tools increase considerably with the number of equations involved. Furthermore, most of these highly unsteady flows usually occur along very steep and irregular terrains which require to use a refined non-structured spatial discretization in order to capture the terrain complexity, increasing exponentially the computational times. So that, the computational effort required is one of the biggest challenges for the application of depth-averaged 2D models to realistic large-scale long-term flows. Throughout this thesis, proper 2D shallow-type mathematical models, robust and accurate FV numerical algorithms and efficient high-performance computational codes are combined to develop Efficient Simulation Tools (EST's) for environmental surface processes involving sediment transport with realistic temporal and spatial scales. New EST's able to deal with structured and unstructured meshes are proposed for variable-density mud/debris flows, passive suspended transport and generalized bedload transport. Special attention is paid to the coupling between system variables and to the integration of mass and momentum source terms. The features of each EST have been carefully analyzed and their capabilities have been demonstrated using analytical and experimental benchmark tests, as well as observations in real events.
Pal. clave: ingenieria civil ; ingenieria hidraulica
Titulación: Programa de Doctorado en Mecánica de Fluidos
Plan(es): Plan 516
Nota: Presentado: 27 09 2021
Nota: Tesis-Univ. Zaragoza, , 2021
Enlace permanente:
Registro creado el 2021-11-17, última modificación el 2021-11-17
