110584 20230519145611.0 doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0251057 sideral 127288 ART-2021-127288 eng Mascaró M. Laughter and smiling facial expression modelling for the generation of virtual affective behavior 2021 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Laughter and smiling are significant facial expressions used in human to human communication. We present a computational model for the generation of facial expressions associated with laughter and smiling in order to facilitate the synthesis of such facial expressions in virtual characters. In addition, a new method to reproduce these types of laughter is proposed and validated using databases of generic and specific facial smile expressions. In particular, a proprietary database of laugh and smile expressions is also presented. This database lists the different types of classified and generated laughs presented in this work. The generated expressions are validated through a user study with 71 subjects, which concluded that the virtual character expressions built using the presented model are perceptually acceptable in quality and facial expression fidelity. Finally, for generalization purposes, an additional analysis shows that the results are independent of the type of virtual character’s appearance. © 2021 Mascaró et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 3.752 2021 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 29 / 74 = 0.392 2021 Q2 T2 0.852 2021 Multidisciplinary 2021 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Serón Arbeloa, F.J. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-1683-4694 Perales F.J. Varona J. Mas R. 5007 570 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms. Área Lenguajes y Sistemas Inf. 16, 5 (2021), 251057 [16 pp] PLoS One PLoS ONE 1932-6203 2097385 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/110584/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2327847 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/110584/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:110584 articulos driver 2023-05-18-16:08:12 ARTICLE