Resumen: This paper investigates the determinants of the diffusion and intensity of the COVID-19 at the country level, focusing on the role played by urban agglomeration, measured using three urban variables: percentage of the urban population, population density, and primacy. We estimate the influence of urban agglomeration on two outcome variables: cumulative number of cases and deaths per 100, 000 inhabitants up to 31 December 2020, using both parametric and semiparametric models. We also explore possible spatial effects. The non-linear effects of the urban variables on the intensity of the disease reveal non-monotonous relationships, suggesting that it is the size of the urban system that is linked to a stronger incidence. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12647 Año: 2022 Publicado en: Papers in Regional Science 101, 2 (2022), 399-415 ISSN: 1056-8190 Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Financiación: MICINN AEI PID2020-114354RA-I00 Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ECO2017-82246-P Tipo y forma: Article (Published version) Área (Departamento): Área Fund. Análisis Económico (Dpto. Análisis Económico)