000117222 001__ 117222 000117222 005__ 20240319080952.0 000117222 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/w14060935 000117222 0248_ $$2sideral$$a128795 000117222 037__ $$aART-2022-128795 000117222 041__ $$aeng 000117222 100__ $$aVillarroel, M. 000117222 245__ $$aFish Welfare in Urban Aquaponics: Effects of Fertilizer for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on Some Physiological Stress Indicators in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) 000117222 260__ $$c2022 000117222 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000117222 5203_ $$aThe combination of hydroponics and aquaculture, or aquaponics, normally requires adding fertilizer to recirculated water to ensure optimal plant growth, but the effect of that fertilizer on fish welfare has not been studied in detail, especially for small urban and coupled aquaponic systems. In this study, a commercial fertilizer was placed in two small aquaponic systems (less than 250 liters each) to test its effect on the stress levels of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) compared to controls without any fertilizer. Fish production parameters were not significantly different between treatments, nor were physiological indicators of fish stress (plasma cortisol, glucose, and triglycerides). On the other hand, lettuce growth (leaf and root weight and length) was up to three times higher in the treatment that received fertilizer. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 000117222 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000117222 590__ $$a3.4$$b2022 000117222 592__ $$a0.723$$b2022 000117222 591__ $$aWATER RESOURCES$$b38 / 103 = 0.369$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000117222 593__ $$aGeography, Planning and Development$$c2022$$dQ1 000117222 591__ $$aENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES$$b135 / 275 = 0.491$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000117222 593__ $$aAquatic Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000117222 593__ $$aWater Science and Technology$$c2022$$dQ2 000117222 593__ $$aBiochemistry$$c2022$$dQ2 000117222 594__ $$a5.5$$b2022 000117222 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000117222 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010$$aMiranda-de la Lama, G. C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000117222 700__ $$aEscobar-Álvarez, R. 000117222 700__ $$aMoratiel, R. 000117222 7102_ $$12008$$2700$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Producción Animal 000117222 773__ $$g14, 6 (2022), 935 - [10 pp]$$pWater (Basel)$$tWater (Switzerland)$$x2073-4441 000117222 8564_ $$s1035588$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117222/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000117222 8564_ $$s2823944$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117222/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000117222 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:117222$$particulos$$pdriver 000117222 951__ $$a2024-03-18-13:11:35 000117222 980__ $$aARTICLE