117234 20240319080954.0 doi 10.3390/app12052455 sideral 128639 ART-2022-128639 eng Juste-Lorente, Ó. (orcid)0000-0002-3398-067X Effects of Including a Penetration Test in Motorcyclist Helmet Standards: Influence on Helmet Stiffness and Impact Performance 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Regulation ECE-22.05/06 does not require a helmet penetration test. Penetration testing is controversial since it has been shown that it may cause the helmet to behave in a non-desirable stiff way in real-world crashes. This study aimed to assess the effect of the penetration test in the impact performance of helmets. Twenty full-face motorcycle helmets were penetration tested at multiple locations of the helmet shell. Then, 10 helmets were selected and split into two groups (hard shell and soft shell) depending on the results of the penetration tests. These 10 helmets were then drop tested at front, lateral, and top areas at two different impact speeds (5 m/s and 8.2 m/s) to assess their impact performance against head injuries. The statistical analyses did not show any significant difference between the two groups (hard/soft shell) at 5 m/s. Similar results were observed at 8.2 m/s, except for the top area of the helmet in which the peak linear acceleration was significantly higher for the soft shell group than for the hard shell group (230 ± 12 g vs. 211 ± 11 g; p-value = 0.038). The results of this study suggest that a stiffer shell does not necessarily cause helmets to behave in a stiffer way when striking rigid flat surfaces. These experiments also showed that hard shell helmets can provide better protection at higher impact speeds without damaging helmet performance at lower impact speeds. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 2.7 2022 PHYSICS, APPLIED 78 / 160 = 0.488 2022 Q2 T2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 42 / 90 = 0.467 2022 Q2 T2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 100 / 178 = 0.562 2022 Q3 T2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 208 / 343 = 0.606 2022 Q3 T2 0.492 2022 Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes 2022 Q2 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2022 Q2 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2022 Q2 Instrumentation 2022 Q2 Process Chemistry and Technology 2022 Q3 Computer Science Applications 2022 Q3 4.5 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Maza, M. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-1261-8847 Piqueras, A. (orcid)0000-0002-0019-4103 Lorente Corellano , A. I. (orcid)0000-0001-8292-6613 López-Valdés, F. J. 5004 530 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Ingen.e Infraestr.Transp. 12, 5 (2022), 2455 [12 pp] Appl. sci. Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 2076-3417 2227653 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117234/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2766384 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117234/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:117234 articulos driver 2024-03-18-13:28:50 ARTICLE