000117424 001__ 117424
000117424 005__ 20240319080956.0
000117424 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/e24010100
000117424 0248_ $$2sideral$$a128252
000117424 037__ $$aART-2022-128252
000117424 041__ $$aeng
000117424 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9282-1428$$aTorrubia, Jorge
000117424 245__ $$aThermodynamic Rarity Assessment of Mobile Phone PCBs: A Physical Criticality Indicator in Times of Shortage
000117424 260__ $$c2022
000117424 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000117424 5203_ $$aRising prices in energy, raw materials, and shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs) for renewable energies or electric vehicles are jeopardizing the transition to a low-carbon economy. Therefore, managing scarce resources must be a priority for governments. To that end, appropriate indicators that can identify the criticality of raw materials and products is key. Thermodynamic rarity (TR) is an exergy-based indicator that measures the scarcity of elements in the earth''s crust and the energy intensity to extract and refine them. This paper uses TR to study 70 Mobile Phone (MP) Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) samples. Results show that an average MP PCB has a TR of 88 MJ per unit, indicating their intensive use of valuable materials. Every year the embedded TR in-creases by 36, 250 GWh worldwide-similar to the electricity consumed by Denmark in 2019-due to annual production of MP. Pd, Ta and Au embedded in MP PCBs worldwide between 2007 and 2021 contribute to 90% of the overall TR, which account for 75, 600 and 250 tones, respectively, and in-creasing by 11% annually. This, coupled with the short lifespan of MP, makes PCBs an important potential source of secondary resources. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
000117424 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-116851RB-I00
000117424 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000117424 590__ $$a2.7$$b2022
000117424 592__ $$a0.541$$b2022
000117424 591__ $$aPHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b40 / 85 = 0.471$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2
000117424 593__ $$aElectrical and Electronic Engineering$$c2022$$dQ2
000117424 593__ $$aPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ2
000117424 593__ $$aMathematical Physics$$c2022$$dQ2
000117424 593__ $$aInformation Systems$$c2022$$dQ2
000117424 594__ $$a4.7$$b2022
000117424 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000117424 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X$$aValero, Antonio$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000117424 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793$$aValero, Alicia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000117424 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi.
000117424 773__ $$g24, 1 (2022), 100 [21 pp]$$pEntropy$$tENTROPY$$x1099-4300
000117424 8564_ $$s2783700$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117424/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000117424 8564_ $$s2768462$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117424/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000117424 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:117424$$particulos$$pdriver
000117424 951__ $$a2024-03-18-13:36:35
000117424 980__ $$aARTICLE