117424 20240319080956.0 doi 10.3390/e24010100 sideral 128252 ART-2022-128252 eng Torrubia, Jorge (orcid)0000-0001-9282-1428 Thermodynamic Rarity Assessment of Mobile Phone PCBs: A Physical Criticality Indicator in Times of Shortage 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Rising prices in energy, raw materials, and shortages of critical raw materials (CRMs) for renewable energies or electric vehicles are jeopardizing the transition to a low-carbon economy. Therefore, managing scarce resources must be a priority for governments. To that end, appropriate indicators that can identify the criticality of raw materials and products is key. Thermodynamic rarity (TR) is an exergy-based indicator that measures the scarcity of elements in the earth''s crust and the energy intensity to extract and refine them. This paper uses TR to study 70 Mobile Phone (MP) Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) samples. Results show that an average MP PCB has a TR of 88 MJ per unit, indicating their intensive use of valuable materials. Every year the embedded TR in-creases by 36, 250 GWh worldwide-similar to the electricity consumed by Denmark in 2019-due to annual production of MP. Pd, Ta and Au embedded in MP PCBs worldwide between 2007 and 2021 contribute to 90% of the overall TR, which account for 75, 600 and 250 tones, respectively, and in-creasing by 11% annually. This, coupled with the short lifespan of MP, makes PCBs an important potential source of secondary resources. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-116851RB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 2.7 2022 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 40 / 85 = 0.471 2022 Q2 T2 0.541 2022 Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2022 Q2 Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) 2022 Q2 Mathematical Physics 2022 Q2 Information Systems 2022 Q2 4.7 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Valero, Antonio Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X Valero, Alicia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 24, 1 (2022), 100 [21 pp] Entropy ENTROPY 1099-4300 2783700 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117424/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2768462 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117424/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:117424 articulos driver 2024-03-18-13:36:35 ARTICLE