117636 20240319081011.0 doi 10.3390/toxins14050291 sideral 129073 ART-2022-129073 eng Llorens, Paula Biomarkers of Exposure to Zearalenone in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The measurement of human exposure to mycotoxins is necessary for its association with adverse health effects. This exposure is usually estimated from contamination levels of foodstuffs, which are the primary source of toxin exposure, and data on food consumption patterns. However, variations in contamination level, intestinal absorption, toxin distribution, and excretion lead to individual variations in toxin exposure that can be more readily measured with a biomarker. This review deals with the latest literature information about ZEN biomarkers in humans, animals, and cell line cultures. Their presence in urine, biomarkers that have effects in the kidney, liver, reproductive system and blood and biomarkers of cell response have been reported. It has highlighted the importance of determining a-zearalenol and ß-zearalenol biomarkers to estimate the probable dietary intake (PDI) of a specific population or to characterize the severity of exposure to ZEN in animals or cell lines. a-ZEL and ß-ZEL are cytotoxic by inhibiting cell proliferation, total protein and DNA syntheses, in this sense, an induction of expression proteins Hsp27 and Hsp70 was observed, and an increase in gene expression (TLR4, NF-kBp65, TNF-a, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, MGMT, a-GST, Hsp70, Nrf2, L-Fabp, HO-1, MAPK8), the determination of which indicates an oxidative stress effect. The integrity of the cell or tissue membrane is assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which increase at exposure of ZEN (84.2 µM), and the proportions of some fatty acids of the renal tissue membrane were increased at treatments with ZEN. This review allows starting future studies of animal and population exposure in parallel with those of health effects works. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2019-PID2019-108070RB-I00ALI info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/A06-20R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 4.2 2022 TOXICOLOGY 23 / 94 = 0.245 2022 Q1 T1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 45 / 142 = 0.317 2022 Q2 T1 0.87 2022 Toxicology 2022 Q1 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis 2022 Q2 7.5 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Herrera, Marta Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-2469-0363 Juan-García, Ana Payá, Juan José Moltó, Juan Carlos Ariño, Agustín Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6325-7100 Juan, Cristina 2008 640 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Nutrición Bromatología 14, 5 (2022), 291 [16 pp.] Toxins Toxins 2072-6651 1000945 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117636/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2499422 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/117636/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:117636 articulos driver 2024-03-18-15:11:42 ARTICLE