000118187 001__ 118187
000118187 005__ 20240319081019.0
000118187 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112223
000118187 0248_ $$2sideral$$a129574
000118187 037__ $$aART-2022-129574
000118187 041__ $$aeng
000118187 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9769-8796$$aGracia-Lázaro, C.
000118187 245__ $$aDynamics of economic unions: An agent-based model to investigate the economic and social drivers of withdrawals
000118187 260__ $$c2022
000118187 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000118187 5203_ $$aEconomic unions are international agreements oriented to increase economic efficiency and establishing political and cultural ties between the member countries. Becoming a member of an existing union usually requires the approval of both the candidate and members, while leaving it may require only the unilateral will of the exiting country. There are many examples of accession of states to previously consolidated economic unions, and a recent example of leaving is the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Motivated by the Brexit process, in this paper we propose an agent-based model to study the determinant factors driving withdrawals from an economic union. We show that both Union and local taxes promote the exits, whereas customs fees out of the Union boost cohesion. Furthermore, heterogeneity in both business conditions and wealth distribution promotes withdrawals, while countries'' size diversity does not have a significant effect on them. We also deep into the individual causes that lead to dissatisfaction and, ultimately, to exits. We found that, for low Union taxes, the wealth inequality within the country is the leading cause of anti-Union opinion spreading. Conversely, for high Union taxes, the country''s performance turns out to be the main driving force, resulting in a risk of wealthier countries leaving the Union. These findings will be helpful for the design of economic policies and effective informative campaigns. © 2022 The Authors
000118187 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIN-AEI-FEDER/PID2020-115800GB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER/E36-20R
000118187 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
000118187 590__ $$a7.8$$b2022
000118187 592__ $$a1.393$$b2022
000118187 591__ $$aPHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL$$b1 / 56 = 0.018$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1
000118187 593__ $$aApplied Mathematics$$c2022$$dQ1
000118187 591__ $$aMATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS$$b3 / 107 = 0.028$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1
000118187 593__ $$aMathematical Physics$$c2022$$dQ1
000118187 591__ $$aPHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b11 / 85 = 0.129$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1
000118187 593__ $$aStatistical and Nonlinear Physics$$c2022$$dQ1
000118187 593__ $$aPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1
000118187 593__ $$aMathematics (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1
000118187 594__ $$a11.8$$b2022
000118187 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000118187 700__ $$aDercole, F.
000118187 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0895-1893$$aMoreno, Y.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000118187 7102_ $$12004$$2405$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Física Teórica$$cÁrea Física Teórica
000118187 773__ $$g160 (2022), 112223 [9 pp]$$pChaos, solitons fractals$$tChaos, Solitons and Fractals$$x0960-0779
000118187 8564_ $$s832583$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118187/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000118187 8564_ $$s3012910$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118187/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000118187 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:118187$$particulos$$pdriver
000118187 951__ $$a2024-03-18-15:57:02
000118187 980__ $$aARTICLE