000118216 001__ 118216
000118216 005__ 20230914083710.0
000118216 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/geosciences12050214
000118216 0248_ $$2sideral$$a129613
000118216 037__ $$aART-2022-129613
000118216 041__ $$aeng
000118216 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7115-5902$$aMagdalena, R.
000118216 245__ $$aThe Energy Cost of Extracting Critical Raw Materials from Tailings: The Case of Coltan
000118216 260__ $$c2022
000118216 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000118216 5203_ $$aNiobium and tantalum are mainly produced from columbite–tantalite ores, and 60% of their production is nowadays located in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. The concentration of supply, the scarcity, the wide range of use in all electronic devices, and the expected future demand boosted by the clean and digital transition means that Nb and Ta have high supply risks. In this context, extraction from rich Ta and Nb tailings from abandoned mines could partly offset such risks. This study analyzes the energy cost that the reprocessing of both elements from tailings would have. To that end, we simulate with HSC Chemistry software the different processes needed to beneficiate and refine both metals from zinc tailings as a function of Nb and Ta concentration. At current energy and metal prices, tantalum recovery from rich Ta-Nb tailings would be cost-effective if ore-handling costs were allocated to a paying metal. By way of contrast, niobium recovery would not be favored unless market prices increase.
000118216 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-116851RB-I00
000118216 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000118216 592__ $$a0.66$$b2022
000118216 593__ $$aEarth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ2
000118216 594__ $$a5.2$$b2022
000118216 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000118216 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9263-7321$$aCalvo Sevillano, G.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000118216 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793$$aValero Delgado, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000118216 7102_ $$14013$$2205$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Didácticas Específicas$$cÁrea Didáctica Ciencias Exper.
000118216 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi.
000118216 773__ $$g12, 5 (2022), 214 [15 pp]$$pGeosciences (Basel)$$tGeosciences (Switzerland)$$x2076-3263
000118216 8564_ $$s3618213$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118216/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000118216 8564_ $$s2667718$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118216/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000118216 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:118216$$particulos$$pdriver
000118216 951__ $$a2023-09-13-14:34:19
000118216 980__ $$aARTICLE