118619 20230519145523.0 doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0256349 sideral 126418 ART-2021-126418 eng Carus, L Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6159-2554 Managing risk in ski resorts: Environmental factors affecting actual and estimated speed on signposted groomed slopes in a cohort of adult recreational alpine skiers 2021 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Background Certain weather conditions are clearly harmful, increasing the risk of injury of winter sports participants substantially. The objective of this study was to investigate actual speeds of skiers on signposted groomed slopes and to measure their skill to accurately estimate them with regard to environmental conditions such as visibility, sky cover, snow quality, wind and temperature. Methods The data were obtained from a sample of 421 adult recreational skiers taking ski courses. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore the relationship between actual and estimated speed for all participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to measure the effect of environmental conditions on both the skiers'' actual speeds and their errors of estimation. Values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient between estimated and actual speed was 0.90 (P < 0.001). Skiers underestimated their actual speed on average by 13.06 km/h or 24.1%. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed were shown to significantly affect both actual maximum speed and estimated speed. Good visibility, grippy snow and calm wind were associated with both the highest actual maximum speed and the lowest ability to estimate it. Conclusion Certain environmental conditions are associated with the actual speed at which skiers travel and with their ability to estimate it. Visibility, quality of snow and wind speed seem to influence both actual speed and the ability to estimate it while sky cover and temperature do not. A reinforced understanding of skiing speed on signposted groomed slopes is useful to gain insight into crashes and the mechanisms of resulting injuries, to evaluate means of protection and to devise successful prevention policies in ski resorts. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 3.752 2021 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 29 / 74 = 0.392 2021 Q2 T2 0.852 2021 Multidisciplinary 2021 Q1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Castillo, I Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-6872-6225 4012 650 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas Área Organización de Empresas 1006 413 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería Área Fisioterapia 16, 8 (2021), e0256349[13 pp] PLoS One PLoS ONE 1932-6203 661317 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118619/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 1985165 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118619/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:118619 articulos driver 2023-05-18-15:24:36 ARTICLE