118888 20230914083336.0 doi 10.3989/arbor.2022.803-804003 sideral 128832 ART-2022-128832 spa López-Mesa, B. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-1458-7685 From Fossil Fuel Society to Low-Carbon Society: Smart Cities as a Facilitating Strategy 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Current environmental problems have their origin in changes in energy sources and the urban metabolism (linear-circular) throughout history. In response to these problems, Europe has defined an energy transition strategy, reinforced with circular economy and carbon capture strategies, with the aim of becoming the first climate-neutral continent. Cities play a very relevant role in energy transition because they host a large part of human activities and are responsible for a good part of consumption. In this paper, we propose a classification of the different societies throughout history from the environmental and energy point of view, which distinguishes four societies: organic, mineral, fossil fuel, and low-carbon. We analyse these considering urban and technological aspects as well as energy sources and consumption-related matters. Throughout history, energy transitions have taken a long time. The smart city is seen here as one of the innovations that will allow a quick and progressive implementation of the energy transition in Europe. The global scale of decarbonisation is seen, however, as one of the greatest challenges to overcome. © 2022 CSIC. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2019-104871RB-C21 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 0.143 2022 Cultural Studies 2022 Q2 Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) 2022 Q3 Sociology and Political Science 2022 Q4 0.6 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 5015 110 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Arquitectura Área Construc. Arquitectónicas 198, 803-804 (2022), a636 - [15 pp] Arbor Arbor 1988-303X 990948 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118888/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 1896252 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118888/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:118888 articulos driver 2023-09-13-11:17:51 ARTICLE