000118933 001__ 118933
000118933 005__ 20240319081009.0
000118933 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111573
000118933 0248_ $$2sideral$$a130054
000118933 037__ $$aART-2022-130054
000118933 041__ $$aeng
000118933 100__ $$aValenzuela-Pérez, A.
000118933 245__ $$aOn the use of sniffers for spectrum occupancy measurements of Bluetooth low energy primary channels
000118933 260__ $$c2022
000118933 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000118933 5203_ $$aThe methods usually employed to measure channel occupancy show limitations in the context of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) advertisements. We propose and analyze the use of BLE sniffers as light and portable low-cost spectrum occupancy meters to be used in scenarios where real time signal analyzers are not adequate. For the measurement technique to be successful, several low-level effects must be considered. The paper argues about on-air time, receiving blind times due to processing and intra system interference, buffer saturation and frequency anchoring. Hence, a compensation procedure based on collision rate estimation is proposed. Results with the refined method show that occupancies of 40% can be measured with an overestimation error whose percentile 95% is 5 percentage points. This is reduced to 1.9 points when the occupancy is 15%. The sniffers perform in real time and are shown to correctly track short term load variations. The strategy has been successfully used to characterize occupancy in highly variable and loaded scenarios such as subway platforms and a shopping mall. Values up to 25% have been observed, which implies a relevant packet error rate. Hence, the tool can be used to make agile audits and configure the parameters that control communication redundancy in new or existing networks.
000118933 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2021-125799OA-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T31-20R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIU-ERDF/RTI2018-099063-B-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RTI2018-095684-B-100$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/RTI2018-099880-B-C32
000118933 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000118933 590__ $$a5.6$$b2022
000118933 592__ $$a1.106$$b2022
000118933 591__ $$aENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b16 / 90 = 0.178$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1
000118933 591__ $$aINSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION$$b9 / 63 = 0.143$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1
000118933 593__ $$aApplied Mathematics$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 593__ $$aCondensed Matter Physics$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 593__ $$aStatistics and Probability$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 593__ $$aElectrical and Electronic Engineering$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 593__ $$aInstrumentation$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 593__ $$aEducation$$c2022$$dQ1
000118933 594__ $$a9.0$$b2022
000118933 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000118933 700__ $$aGarcía-Lozano, M.
000118933 700__ $$aValenzuela, J. L.
000118933 700__ $$aPérez-Díaz-de-Cerio, D.
000118933 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0299-0859$$aHernández Solana, Á.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000118933 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2664-6339$$aValdovinos, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000118933 7102_ $$15008$$2560$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Ingeniería Telemática
000118933 773__ $$g199 (2022), 111573 [10 pp.]$$pMeasurement$$tMEASUREMENT$$x0263-2241
000118933 8564_ $$s2659488$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118933/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000118933 8564_ $$s2527233$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/118933/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000118933 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:118933$$particulos$$pdriver
000118933 951__ $$a2024-03-18-14:55:50
000118933 980__ $$aARTICLE