000119006 001__ 119006 000119006 005__ 20240319081020.0 000119006 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s40798-022-00472-5 000119006 0248_ $$2sideral$$a129971 000119006 037__ $$aART-2022-129971 000119006 041__ $$aeng 000119006 100__ $$aSutehall, Shaun 000119006 245__ $$aThe Effect of Sodium Alginate and Pectin Added to a Carbohydrate Beverage on Endurance Performance, Substrate Oxidation and Blood Glucose Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 000119006 260__ $$c2022 000119006 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000119006 5203_ $$aIntroduction: Scientific and public interest in the potential ergogenic effects of sodium alginate added to a carbohydrate (CHO) beverage has increased in the last ~ 5 years. Despite an extensive use of this technology by elite athletes and recent research into the potential effects, there has been no meta-analysis to objectively elucidate the effects of adding sodium alginate to a CHO beverage on parameters relevant to exercise performance and to highlight gaps in the literature. Methods: Three literature databases were systematically searched for studies investigating the effects of sodium alginate added to CHO beverage during prolonged, endurance exercise in healthy athletes. For the systematic review, the PROSPERO guidelines were followed, and risk assessment was made using the Cochrane collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis model was used to determine the standardised mean difference between a CHO beverage containing sodium alginate and an isocaloric control for performance, whole-body CHO oxidation and blood glucose concentration. Results: Ten studies were reviewed systematically, of which seven were included within the meta-analysis. For each variable, there was homogeneity between studies for performance (n = 5 studies; I2 = 0%), CHO oxidation (n = 7 studies; I2 = 0%) and blood glucose concentration (n = 7 studies; I2 = 0%). When compared with an isocaloric control, the meta-analysis demonstrated that there is no difference in performance (Z = 0.54, p = 0.59), CHO oxidation (Z = 0.34, p = 0.71) and blood glucose concentration (Z = 0.44, p = 0.66) when ingesting a CHO beverage containing sodium alginate. The systematic review revealed that several of the included studies did not use sufficient exercise intensity to elicit significant gastrointestinal disturbances or demonstrate any ergogenic benefit of CHO ingestion. Risk of bias was generally low across the included studies. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that the current literature indicates no benefit of adding sodium alginate to a CHO beverage during exercise. Further research is required, however, before firm conclusions are drawn considering the range of exercise intensities, feeding rates and the apparent lack of benefit of CHO reported in the current literature investigating sodium alginate. © 2022, The Author(s). 000119006 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000119006 590__ $$a4.6$$b2022 000119006 592__ $$a1.538$$b2022 000119006 591__ $$aSPORT SCIENCES$$b12 / 87 = 0.138$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1 000119006 593__ $$aPhysical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation$$c2022$$dQ1 000119006 593__ $$aOrthopedics and Sports Medicine$$c2022$$dQ1 000119006 594__ $$a6.6$$b2022 000119006 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000119006 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9191-9033$$aMuniz-Pardos, Borja$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000119006 700__ $$aBosch, Andrew 000119006 700__ $$aPitsiladis, Yannis 000119006 7102_ $$11006$$2245$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Educación Física y Depor. 000119006 773__ $$g8, 1 (2022), 82 [12 pp]$$pSports med. open$$tSPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN$$x2199-1170 000119006 8564_ $$s1529178$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119006/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000119006 8564_ $$s2258053$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119006/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000119006 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:119006$$particulos$$pdriver 000119006 951__ $$a2024-03-18-16:07:23 000119006 980__ $$aARTICLE