000119833 001__ 119833 000119833 005__ 20240319081006.0 000119833 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.006 000119833 0248_ $$2sideral$$a130714 000119833 037__ $$aART-2022-130714 000119833 041__ $$aeng 000119833 100__ $$aNúñez Cortés, Rodrigo 000119833 245__ $$aHandgrip strength measurement protocols for all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes in more than 3 million participants: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis 000119833 260__ $$c2022 000119833 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000119833 5203_ $$aBackground & aims: Handgrip strength is a strong predictor of the risk of mortality. The objective of this systematic review was to analyse handgrip strength measurement protocols used in all-cause and cause-specific mortality studies. Method: A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted from inception to February 2022. Prospective cohort studies with objective measures of handgrip strength were included. Studies had to report at least one all-cause, cancer, or cardiovascular mortality outcome. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-regression was used to quantify the bias associated with handgrip strength values in relation to the use of different measurement protocols. Results: Forty-eight studies with a total of 3,135,473 participants (49.6% women) were included. Half of the studies controlled body position, 39.6% arm position, 33.3% elbow position, 12.5% wrist position, 13% handgrip duration, 23% hand-adjustment to dynamometer and 12.5% verbal encouragement. The number of measurements, the laterality of the hand tested, and the estimation method of the handgrip strength value varied considerably between the study protocols. The spline regression model showed a non-linear inverse association between the values of handgrip strength and the number of protocol items controlled. Handgrip strength was higher when the number of measurements per hand or arm position was not controlled. Conversely, handgrip strength was lower when elbow position was not controlled or verbal encouragement were not provided. Conclusion: In general, the protocols used to assess handgrip strength in mortality studies are incomplete and highly heterogeneous. Handgrip strength values were higher when studies controlled fewer handgrip strength measurement protocol variables. There is a need to improve the controlling of handgrip strength measurement protocols and to standardise the method to enhance the accuracy of mortality risk estimates associated with handgrip strength. 000119833 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000119833 590__ $$a6.3$$b2022 000119833 592__ $$a1.658$$b2022 000119833 591__ $$aNUTRITION & DIETETICS$$b14 / 87 = 0.161$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1 000119833 593__ $$aNutrition and Dietetics$$c2022$$dQ1 000119833 593__ $$aCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine$$c2022$$dQ1 000119833 594__ $$a12.9$$b2022 000119833 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000119833 700__ $$aCruz, Borja del Pozo 000119833 700__ $$aGallardo Gómez, Daniel 000119833 700__ $$aCalatayud, Joaquín 000119833 700__ $$aCruz Montecinos, Carlos 000119833 700__ $$aLópez Gil, José Francisco 000119833 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7865-3429$$aLópez Bueno, Rubén 000119833 773__ $$g41, 11 (2022), 2473-2489$$pClin. nutr.$$tClinical Nutrition$$x0261-5614 000119833 8564_ $$s1935214$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119833/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000119833 8564_ $$s2402727$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119833/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000119833 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:119833$$particulos$$pdriver 000119833 951__ $$a2024-03-18-14:37:43 000119833 980__ $$aARTICLE