000119876 001__ 119876
000119876 005__ 20240319081014.0
000119876 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/brainsci12101358
000119876 0248_ $$2sideral$$a130622
000119876 037__ $$aART-2022-130622
000119876 041__ $$aeng
000119876 100__ $$aCasula, Elias P.
000119876 245__ $$aThe Effect of coil orientation on the stimulation of the pre–supplementary motor area: a combined TMS and EEG study
000119876 260__ $$c2022
000119876 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000119876 5203_ $$aStudies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated the importance of direction and intensity of the applied current when the primary motor cortex (M1) is targeted. By varying these, it is possible to stimulate different subsets of neural elements, as demonstrated by modulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and motor behaviour. The latter involves premotor areas as well, and among them, the presupplementary motor area (pre–SMA) has recently received significant attention in the study of motor inhibition. It is possible that, similar to M1, different neuronal populations can be activated by varying the direction and intensity of TMS; however, the absence of a direct electrophysiological outcome has limited this investigation. The problem can be solved by quantifying direct cortical responses by means of combined TMS and electroencephalography (TMS–EEG). We investigated the effect of variable coil orientations (0°, 90°, 180° and 270°) and stimulation intensities (100%, 120% and 140% of resting motor threshold) on local mean field potential (LMFP), transcranial evoked potential (TEP) peaks and TMS–related spectral perturbation (TRSP) from pre–SMA stimulation. As a result, early and late LMFP and peaks were larger, with the coil handle pointing posteriorly (0°) and laterally (90°). This was true also for TRSP in the β–γ range, but, surprisingly, θ–α TRSP was larger with the coil pointing at 180°. A 90° orientation activated the right M1, as shown by MEPs elicitation, thus limiting the spatial specificity of the stimulation. These results suggest that coil orientation and stimulation intensity are critical when stimulating the pre–SMA.
000119876 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000119876 590__ $$a3.3$$b2022
000119876 592__ $$a0.752$$b2022
000119876 591__ $$aNEUROSCIENCES$$b144 / 272 = 0.529$$c2022$$dQ3$$eT2
000119876 593__ $$aNeuroscience (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ3
000119876 594__ $$a3.9$$b2022
000119876 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000119876 700__ $$aLeodori, Giorgio
000119876 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8439-151X$$aIbáñez, Jaime
000119876 700__ $$aBenussi, Alberto
000119876 700__ $$aRawji, Vishal
000119876 700__ $$aTremblay, Sara
000119876 700__ $$aLatorre, Anna
000119876 700__ $$aRothwell, John C.
000119876 700__ $$aRocchi, Lorenzo
000119876 773__ $$g12, 10 (2022), 1358 [14 pp.]$$pBrain sci.$$tBrain Sciences$$x2076-3425
000119876 8564_ $$s2349562$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119876/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000119876 8564_ $$s2634224$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/119876/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000119876 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:119876$$particulos$$pdriver
000119876 951__ $$a2024-03-18-15:25:32
000119876 980__ $$aARTICLE