000120046 001__ 120046 000120046 005__ 20240319081006.0 000120046 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3 000120046 0248_ $$2sideral$$a130955 000120046 037__ $$aART-2022-130955 000120046 041__ $$aeng 000120046 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2126-2232$$aUruén, Cristina$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000120046 245__ $$aHow Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments 000120046 260__ $$c2022 000120046 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000120046 5203_ $$aStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use. 000120046 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/LMP58-18$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 000120046 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000120046 590__ $$a4.4$$b2022 000120046 592__ $$a0.869$$b2022 000120046 591__ $$aVETERINARY SCIENCES$$b6 / 144 = 0.042$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1 000120046 593__ $$aVeterinary (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000120046 594__ $$a6.4$$b2022 000120046 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000120046 700__ $$aGarcía, Carla$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000120046 700__ $$aFraile, Lorenzo 000120046 700__ $$aTommassen, Jan 000120046 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-8134-0693$$aArenas, Jesús$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000120046 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal 000120046 773__ $$g53, 1 (2022), 1-33$$pVet. res.$$tVeterinary Research$$x0928-4249 000120046 8564_ $$s2628292$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/120046/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000120046 8564_ $$s2491532$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/120046/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000120046 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:120046$$particulos$$pdriver 000120046 951__ $$a2024-03-18-14:38:02 000120046 980__ $$aARTICLE