000120942 001__ 120942
000120942 005__ 20250109150035.0
000120942 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/felec.2022.906324
000120942 0248_ $$2sideral$$a131266
000120942 037__ $$aART-2022-131266
000120942 041__ $$aeng
000120942 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5918-1043$$aArmañac-Julián, Pablo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 245__ $$aReliability of pulse photoplethysmography sensors: Coverage using different setups and body locations
000120942 260__ $$c2022
000120942 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000120942 5203_ $$aPulse photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and economical technique for obtaining cardiovascular information. In fact, PPG has become a very popular technology among wearable devices. However, the PPG signal is well-known to be very vulnerable to artifacts, and a good quality signal cannot be expected for most of the time in daily life. The percentage of time that a given measurement can be estimated (e.g., pulse rate) is denoted coverage (C), and it is highly dependent on the subject activity and on the configuration of the sensor, location, and stability of contact. This work aims to quantify the coverage of PPG sensors, using the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram as a reference, with the PPG recorded at different places in the body and under different stress conditions. While many previous works analyzed the feasibility of PPG as a surrogate for heart rate variability analysis, there exists no previous work studying coverage to derive other cardiovascular indices. We report the coverage not only for estimating pulse rate (PR) but also for estimating pulse arrival time (PAT) and pulse amplitude variability (PAV). Three different datasets are analyzed for this purpose, consisting of a tilt-table test, an acute emotional stress test, and a heat stress test. The datasets include 19, 120, and 51 subjects, respectively, with PPG at the finger and at the forehead for the first two datasets and at the earlobe, in addition, for the latter. C ranges from 70% to 90% for estimating PR. Regarding the estimation of PAT, C ranges from 50% to 90%, and this is very dependent on the PPG sensor location, PPG quality, and the fiducial point (FP) chosen for the delineation of PPG. In fact, the delineation of the FP is critical in time for estimating derived series such as PAT due to the small dynamic range of these series. For the estimation of PAV, the C rates are between 70% and 90%. In general, lower C rates have been obtained for the PPG at the forehead. No difference in C has been observed between using PPG at the finger or at the earlobe. Then, the benefits of using either will depend on the application. However, different C rates are obtained using the same PPG signal, depending on the FP chosen for delineation. Lower C is reported when using the apex point of the PPG instead of the maximum flow velocity or the basal point, with a difference from 1% to even 10%. For further studies, each setup should first be analyzed and validated, taking the results and guidelines presented in this work into account, to study the feasibility of its recording devices with respect to each specific application.
000120942 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI-FEDER/RTC-2017-6193-1$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER/Construyendo Europa desde Aragón$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/T39-20R-BSICoS group$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII-FEDER/PI16-01606$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII/PI19-01015$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER-ISCIII-CIBER-BBN/RTI2018-097723-B-I00
000120942 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000120942 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000120942 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1297-0691$$aKontaxis, Spyridon$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 700__ $$aRapalis, Andrius
000120942 700__ $$aMarozas, Vaidotas
000120942 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3434-9254$$aLaguna, Pablo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1272-0550$$aBailón, Raquel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7285-0715$$aGil, Eduardo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8742-0072$$aLázaro, Jesús$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000120942 7102_ $$15007$$2520$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.$$cÁrea Ingen.Sistemas y Automát.
000120942 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac.
000120942 773__ $$g3 (2022), 906324 [11 pp.]$$tFrontiers in Electronics$$x2673-5857
000120942 8564_ $$s1331471$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/120942/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000120942 8564_ $$s2262659$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/120942/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000120942 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:120942$$particulos$$pdriver
000120942 951__ $$a2025-01-09-14:59:05
000120942 980__ $$aARTICLE