000125875 001__ 125875 000125875 005__ 20240319081029.0 000125875 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1063/5.0136801 000125875 0248_ $$2sideral$$a132762 000125875 037__ $$aART-2022-132762 000125875 041__ $$aeng 000125875 100__ $$aLadak, S. 000125875 245__ $$aScience and technology of 3D magnetic nanostructures 000125875 260__ $$c2022 000125875 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000125875 5203_ $$aFor nearly half a century, the era of nanoscience was driven by the paradigm that the reduction in dimensions in nanomaterials would provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental building blocks at the atomic and molecular level, resulting in novel material properties, behavior, and utilization in nanotechnologies. Specifically, for magnetic materials, this triggered enormous research efforts in spintronics and magnetic nanostructures. However, about ten years ago, it was realized that the extension of accomplishments from nanoscience and nanotechnology into the third-dimension will not only open new opportunities in magnetic materials1,2 due to additional levels of complexity or phenomena that can only exist in 3D, such as chirality, but will also yield substantial challenges for the synthesis, theory, and characterization of such artificially designed 3D systems. Rapid improvements in fabrication technologies,3–10 theories predicting curvature-driven novel energy terms,11–13 and new types of spin-textures that stabilize due to geometrical effects, unique topology,14 and frustration,15 as well as new experimental approaches to validate 3D spin textures and their behavior emerged. With the development of nanoscale magnetic imaging techniques16–19 that can be characterized even quantitatively, the complete 3D magnetization vector, with a precision down to magnetically relevant lengths and timescales, has helped elucidate the impact of nanoscale curvature19–21 on well-known spin textures as well as demonstrate the existence of new topological spin systems such as Bloch points,22 merons,23 and Hopfions.24.. 000125875 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101001290/EU/3DNANOMAG-Three-dimensional nanoscale magnetic structures$$9This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 101001290-3DNANOMAG 000125875 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000125875 590__ $$a6.1$$b2022 000125875 592__ $$a1.662$$b2022 000125875 591__ $$aPHYSICS, APPLIED$$b35 / 160 = 0.219$$c2022$$dQ1$$eT1 000125875 593__ $$aMaterials Science (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000125875 591__ $$aNANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY$$b41 / 107 = 0.383$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000125875 593__ $$aEngineering (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000125875 591__ $$aMATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b95 / 343 = 0.277$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT1 000125875 594__ $$a11.3$$b2022 000125875 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000125875 700__ $$aFernández-Pacheco, A. 000125875 700__ $$aFischer, P. 000125875 773__ $$g10, 12 (2022), 120401 [6 pp.]$$pAPL mater.$$tAPL Materials$$x2166-532X 000125875 8564_ $$s3390020$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/125875/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000125875 8564_ $$s1531330$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/125875/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000125875 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:125875$$particulos$$pdriver 000125875 951__ $$a2024-03-18-17:04:24 000125875 980__ $$aARTICLE