doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101155engGrassi, L.Caruso, R.Riba, M.B.Lloyd-Williams, M.Kissane, D.Rodin, G.McFarland, D.Campos-Ródenas, R.Zachariae, R.Santini, D.Ripamonti, C.I.Anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice GuidelineART-2023-133665Introduction: Anxiety and depression are the most common psychological symptoms in patients with cancer, irrespective of disease stage, primary cancer site and phase of treatment. Symptoms may range from nonpathological states, such as concerns, worry, sense of uncertainty, sadness and increased levels of hopelessness, to specific psychiatric syndromes (i.e. anxiety and depressive disorders). The latter are associated with significant distress and marked disability, poor quality of life (QoL), increased physical symptoms (e.g. pain or nausea), poor adherence to treatment, increased risk of suicide (in people with depression), poorer prognosis and higher mortality.1, 2, 3, 4 It is important for clinicians to understand the difference between nonpathological fluctuations in anxious or depressive states, which are not intense and are short-lived emotional responses to life challenges, and the more specific and impactful psychopathological conditions, such as anxiety and/or depressive disorders. There is a spectrum of highly comorbid syndromes which can be categorised by the criteria of the World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 11th edition (updated chapter on ‘Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders’)5 and the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), fifth edition-Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)...2023http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/12626510.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101155http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/126265oai:zaguan.unizar.es:126265ESMO Open 8, 2 (2023), 101155 [14 pp.]by-nc-ndhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess