000127586 001__ 127586
000127586 005__ 20241125101155.0
000127586 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129818
000127586 0248_ $$2sideral$$a134614
000127586 037__ $$aART-2023-134614
000127586 041__ $$aeng
000127586 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5645-9150$$aGimeno, Maria J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000127586 245__ $$aHydrogeochemical characterisation of the groundwater in the crystalline basement of Forsmark, the selected area for the geological nuclear repositories in Sweden
000127586 260__ $$c2023
000127586 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000127586 5203_ $$aNumerous groundwater analyses from the crystalline bedrock in the Forsmark area have been performed between 2002 and 2019, together with thorough geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological studies, within the site investigations carried out by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company. The groundwater samples have been taken from boreholes down to ≈ 1000 m and the analysis include major- and trace-elements, stable and radiogenic isotopes, gases and microbes. The chemical and isotopic composition of these groundwaters evidences the presence of non-marine brackish to saline groundwaters with very long residence times (many hundreds of thousands of years) and a series of complex mixing events resulting from the recharge of different waters over time: glacial meltwaters, probably from different glaciations of which the latest culminated some 20,000 years ago, and marine waters from the Baltic starting some 7000 years ago. Later, meteoric water and present Baltic Sea water have recharged in different parts of the upper 100 m. These mixing events have also triggered chemical and microbial reactions that have conditioned some of the important groundwater parameters and, together with the structural complexity of the area, they have promoted a heterogeneous distribution of groundwater compositions in the bedrock. Due to these evident differences in chemistry, residence time and origin of the groundwater, several groundwater types were defined in order to facilitate the visualisation and communication. The differentiation (linked to the paleohydrological history of the area) was based on Cl concentration, Cl/Mg ratio (marine component), and δ18O value (glacial component).
The work presented in this paper increases the understanding of the groundwater evolution in fractured and compartmentalised aquifers where mixing processes are the most important mechanisms. The model proposed to characterise the present groundwater system of the Forsmark area will also help to predict the future hydrogeochemical behaviour of the groundwater system after the construction of the repositories for the nuclear wastes.
000127586 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
000127586 590__ $$a5.9$$b2023
000127586 592__ $$a1.764$$b2023
000127586 591__ $$aENGINEERING, CIVIL$$b14 / 182 = 0.077$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1
000127586 593__ $$aWater Science and Technology$$c2023$$dQ1
000127586 591__ $$aWATER RESOURCES$$b8 / 128 = 0.062$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1
000127586 591__ $$aGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b19 / 254 = 0.075$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1
000127586 594__ $$a11.0$$b2023
000127586 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000127586 700__ $$aTullborg, Eva-Lena
000127586 700__ $$aNilsson, Ann-Chatrin
000127586 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1463-1682$$aAuqué, Luis F.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000127586 700__ $$aNilsson, Lino
000127586 7102_ $$12000$$2685$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ciencias de la Tierra$$cÁrea Petrología y Geoquímica
000127586 773__ $$g624 (2023), 129818 [21 pp.]$$pJ. hydrol.$$tJournal of Hydrology$$x0022-1694
000127586 8564_ $$s12745236$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127586/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000127586 8564_ $$s2411534$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127586/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000127586 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:127586$$particulos$$pdriver
000127586 951__ $$a2024-11-22-12:09:02
000127586 980__ $$aARTICLE