127796 20250307094029.0 doi 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3296220 sideral 134960 ART-2023-134960 eng Bernal-Sancho, Marta Grid impact of frequency regulation provided by V2Gs aggregated at HV, MV, and LV level 2023 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Vehicle-to-Grid chargers (V2Gs) are currently considered a key component for supporting future power systems in primary and especially secondary frequency regulation. Most of the research works conducted so far on this topic are based on a vehicle-centric perspective, whereas global approaches where the impact caused by fleets of V2Gs is studied from the perspective of an entire electric grid remain quite unexplored. In particular, the effects of aggregating different amounts of V2Gs from the HV, MV and LV subgrids to participate in frequency control represents a novel aspect to be investigated, which is expected to possess a strong potential for further improving the aggregation processes. To this end, this work presents a “global working framework” developed to evaluate the impact on an entire electric system of V2Gs participation in frequency regulation. A reality-based electric network is considered, where two HV, three MV and ten LV subgrids are interconnected. The effects of four different percentages of V2Gs aggregated from the HV, MV and LV subgrids are evaluated for two V2G installed capacities, 10 MW and 20 MW. Results are finally analyzed, including frequency vs time response, rate of change of frequency, grid losses, etc., and valuable knowledge, insights and guidelines are obtained for guiding future grid-level aggregation optimizations of V2Gs participation in frequency regulation. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/875683/EU/Large demonstratIoN of user CentrIc urban and long-range charging solutions to boosT an engaging deployment of Electric Vehicles in Europe/INCIT-EV This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 875683-INCIT-EV info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 3.4 2023 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 87 / 250 = 0.348 2023 Q2 T2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 47 / 119 = 0.395 2023 Q2 T2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC 122 / 353 = 0.346 2023 Q2 T2 0.96 2023 Computer Science (miscellaneous) 2023 Q1 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2023 Q1 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2023 Q1 9.8 2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Rocca, Roberto (orcid)0000-0001-5996-2755 Fernández-Aznar, Gregorio (orcid)0000-0003-4813-4668 Comech, María Paz Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-4133-7553 Galán-Hernández, Noemí 5009 535 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Eléctrica Área Ingeniería Eléctrica 11 (2023), 76768-76780 IEEE Access IEEE Access 2169-3536 2608011 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127796/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2791481 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127796/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:127796 articulos driver 2025-03-07-09:38:54 ARTICLE