doi:10.1002/batt.202300233engAlvira, DaríoAntorán, DanielVidal, MarianoSebastian, VictorManyà, Joan J.Vine Shoots-Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and MorphologyART-2023-134935Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising large‐scale and low‐cost energy storage systems due to the abundance and low price of sodium. Herein, hard carbons from a sustainable biomass feedstock (vine shoots) were synthesized via a simple two‐step carbonization process at different highest temperatures to be used as anodes in SIBs. The hard carbon produced at 1200 °C delivered the highest reversible capacity (270 mAh g−1 at 0.03 A g−1, with an acceptable initial coulombic efficiency of 71 %) since a suitable balance between the pseudographitic domains growth and the retention of microporosity, defects, and functional groups was achieved. A prominent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97 % over 315 cycles was also attained. Comprehensive characterization unraveled a three‐stage sodium storage mechanism based on adsorption, intercalation, and filling of pores. A remarkable specific capacity underestimation of up to 38 % was also found when a two‐electrode half‐cell configuration was employed to measure the rate performance. To avoid this systematic error caused by the counter/reference electrode polarization, we strongly recommend the use of a three‐electrode setup or a full‐cell configuration to correctly evaluate the anode response at moderate and high current rates.2023http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/12783610.1002/batt.202300233http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127836oai:zaguan.unizar.es:127836info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER/T22-23Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-127847OB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2029-107737RB-I00Batteries & supercaps (2023), e202300233 [13 pp.]by-nc-ndhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess