127836 20250319143308.0 doi 10.1002/batt.202300233 sideral 134935 ART-2023-134935 eng Alvira, Darío Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-5526-3962 Vine Shoots-Derived Hard Carbons as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Role of Annealing Temperature in Regulating Their Structure and Morphology 2023 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered one of the most promising large‐scale and low‐cost energy storage systems due to the abundance and low price of sodium. Herein, hard carbons from a sustainable biomass feedstock (vine shoots) were synthesized via a simple two‐step carbonization process at different highest temperatures to be used as anodes in SIBs. The hard carbon produced at 1200 °C delivered the highest reversible capacity (270 mAh g−1 at 0.03 A g−1, with an acceptable initial coulombic efficiency of 71 %) since a suitable balance between the pseudographitic domains growth and the retention of microporosity, defects, and functional groups was achieved. A prominent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97 % over 315 cycles was also attained. Comprehensive characterization unraveled a three‐stage sodium storage mechanism based on adsorption, intercalation, and filling of pores. A remarkable specific capacity underestimation of up to 38 % was also found when a two‐electrode half‐cell configuration was employed to measure the rate performance. To avoid this systematic error caused by the counter/reference electrode polarization, we strongly recommend the use of a three‐electrode setup or a full‐cell configuration to correctly evaluate the anode response at moderate and high current rates. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER/T22-23R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-127847OB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2029-107737RB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 5.1 2023 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 130 / 439 = 0.296 2023 Q2 T1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 13 / 45 = 0.289 2023 Q2 T1 1.438 2023 Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2023 Q1 Energy Engineering and Power Technology 2023 Q1 Electrochemistry 2023 Q1 8.6 2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Antorán, Daniel Universidad de Zaragoza Vidal, Mariano Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0373-8310 Sebastian, Victor Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-6873-5244 Manyà, Joan J. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0118-3254 5005 555 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Ingeniería Química 5004 545 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Ingeniería Mecánica (2023), e202300233 [13 pp.] Batteries & supercaps 2566-6223 12002866 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127836/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 1607386 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/127836/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:127836 articulos driver 2025-03-19-14:32:20 ARTICLE