doi:10.1038/s43588-023-00431-4engCaldarelli, G.Arcaute, E.Barthelemy, M.Batty, M.Gershenson, C.Helbing, D.Mancuso, S.Moreno, Y.Ramasco, J. J.Rozenblat, C.Sánchez, A.Fernández-Villacañas, J. L.The role of complexity for digital twins of citiesART-2023-134208We argue that theories and methods drawn from complexity science are urgently needed to guide the development and use of digital twins for cities. The theoretical framework from complexity science takes into account both the short-term and the long-term dynamics of cities and their interactions. This is the foundation for a new approach that treats cities not as large machines or logistic systems but as mutually interwoven self-organizing phenomena, which evolve, to an extent, like living systems.2023http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/12805810.1038/s43588-023-00431-4http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/128058oai:zaguan.unizar.es:128058info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2021-122256NB-C22info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E36-20Rinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/833168/EU/Co-Evolving City Life/CoCiThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 833168-CoCiinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCIN-AEI-FEDER/PID2020-115800GB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/CEX2021-001164-Minfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/CEX2021-122256NB-C22info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-115800GB-I00Nature Computational Science 3 (2023), 374-381All rights reservedhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess