On the origins of American Criollo pigs: A common genetic background with a lasting Iberian signature

Revidatti, M.A. ; Gama, L.T. ; Martín Burriel I. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Cortés Gardyn, O. ; Cappello Villada, J.S. ; Carolino, M.I. ; Cañón, F.J. ; Ginja, C. ; Sponenberg, P. ; Vicente, A.P. ; Zaragoza, P. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Delgado, J.V. ; Martínez, A. ; Alvarez, L.A. ; Barba Capote, C. ; Carolino, N. ; Dunner, S. ; Sevane, N. ; Forero Vizcaíno, F.J. ; Galíndez, R. ; Gómez, M. ; Llambí, S. ; Montenegro, M. ; Montes-Sánchez, J.J. ; Pérez Pineda, E. ; Ponce Alvarado, A.P. ; Pons, Á. ; Peinado Ramón, B. ; Rodellar, C. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Sierra Vasquez, A. ; Sousa, C.O. ; Silva, F.S. ; Martínez Martínez, A.

Resumen: American Criollo pigs are thought to descend mainly from those imported from the Iberian Peninsula starting in the late 15th century. Criollo pigs subsequently expanded throughout the Americas, adapting to very diverse environments, and possibly receiving influences from other origins. With the intensification of agriculture in the mid-20th century, cosmopolitan breeds largely replaced Criollo pigs, and the few remaining are mostly maintained by rural communities in marginal areas where they still play an important socio-economic and cultural role. In this study, we used 24 microsatellite markers in samples from 1715 pigs representing 46 breeds with worldwide distribution, including 17 American Criollo breeds, with the major focus of investigating their genetic diversity, structure and breed relationships. We also included representatives of the Iberian, Local British, Hungarian, Chinese and Commercial breeds, as well as Wild Boar, in order to investigate their possible influence in the genetic composition of Criollos. Our results show that, when compared with the other breeds, Criollo pigs present higher levels of genetic diversity, both in terms of allelic diversity and expected heterozygosity. The various analyses indicate that breed differentiation overall explains nearly 21% of the total genetic diversity. Criollo breeds showed their own identity and shared a common genetic background, tending to cluster together in various analyses, even though they differ from each other. A close relationship of Criollos with Iberian breeds was revealed by all the different analyses, and the contribution of Iberian breeds, particularly of the Celtic breeds, is still present in various Criollo breeds. No influence of Chinese breeds was detected on Criollos, but a few were influenced by Commercial breeds or by wild pigs. Our results confirm the uniqueness of American Criollo pigs and the role that Iberian breeds have played in their development. © 2021 Revidatti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251879

Año: 2021

Publicado en: PLoS ONE 16, 5 (2021), e0251879[20 pp]
ISSN: 1932-6203

Factor impacto JCR: 3.752 (2021)

Categ. JCR: MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES rank: 29 / 74 = 0.392 (2021) - Q2 - T2

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 0.852 - Multidisciplinary (Q1)

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Genética (Dpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani.)