000129366 001__ 129366 000129366 005__ 20240731103350.0 000129366 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/ph16101443 000129366 0248_ $$2sideral$$a135607 000129366 037__ $$aART-2023-135607 000129366 041__ $$aeng 000129366 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4460-3543$$aMerino, Natalia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129366 245__ $$aPhenotypic and genotypic comparison of antimicrobial-resistant variants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from evolution assays with antibiotics or commercial products based on essential oils 000129366 260__ $$c2023 000129366 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000129366 5203_ $$aOn account of the widespread development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential alternatives to antibiotics. However, as already observed for antibiotics, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the potential emergence of resistant variants (RVs) to EOs. In this study, we assessed the emergence of RVs in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium after evolution assays under extended exposure to subinhibitory doses of two commercial EOs (AEN and COLIFIT) as well as to two antibiotics (amoxicillin and colistin). Phenotypic characterization of RVs from evolution assays with commercial EOs yielded no relevant increases in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of E. coli and did not even modify MIC values in S. Typhimurium. Conversely, RVs of E. coli and S. Typhimurium isolated from evolution assays with antibiotics showed increased resistance. Genotypic analysis demonstrated that resistance to commercial EOs was associated with enhanced protection against oxidative stress and redirection of cell energy toward efflux activity, while resistance to antibiotics was primarily linked to modifications in the cell binding sites of antibiotics. These findings suggest that AEN and COLIFIT could serve as safe alternatives to antibiotics in combating the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance within the agrifood system. 000129366 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-123404NB-I00 000129366 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000129366 590__ $$a4.3$$b2023 000129366 592__ $$a0.845$$b2023 000129366 591__ $$aPHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY$$b69 / 354 = 0.195$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1 000129366 593__ $$aPharmaceutical Science$$c2023$$dQ1 000129366 591__ $$aCHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL$$b20 / 72 = 0.278$$c2023$$dQ2$$eT1 000129366 593__ $$aDrug Discovery$$c2023$$dQ2 000129366 593__ $$aMolecular Medicine$$c2023$$dQ2 000129366 594__ $$a6.1$$b2023 000129366 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000129366 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5053-8309$$aBerdejo, Daniel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129366 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3752-4660$$aPagán, Elisa$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129366 700__ $$aGirard, Claire 000129366 700__ $$aKerros, Sylvain 000129366 700__ $$aSpinozzi, Eleonora 000129366 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0238-6328$$aPagán, Rafael$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129366 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7629-8101$$aGarcía-Gonzalo, Diego$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129366 7102_ $$12008$$2640$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Nutrición Bromatología 000129366 7102_ $$12008$$2780$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Tecnología de Alimentos 000129366 773__ $$g16, 10 (2023), 1443 [18 pp.]$$pPharmaceuticals$$tPharmaceuticals$$x1424-8247 000129366 8564_ $$s1138832$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129366/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000129366 8564_ $$s2746086$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129366/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000129366 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:129366$$particulos$$pdriver 000129366 951__ $$a2024-07-31-09:54:08 000129366 980__ $$aARTICLE