129366 20250319143308.0 doi 10.3390/ph16101443 sideral 135607 ART-2023-135607 eng Merino, Natalia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-4774-0973 Phenotypic and genotypic comparison of antimicrobial-resistant variants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from evolution assays with antibiotics or commercial products based on essential oils 2023 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted On account of the widespread development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential alternatives to antibiotics. However, as already observed for antibiotics, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the potential emergence of resistant variants (RVs) to EOs. In this study, we assessed the emergence of RVs in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium after evolution assays under extended exposure to subinhibitory doses of two commercial EOs (AEN and COLIFIT) as well as to two antibiotics (amoxicillin and colistin). Phenotypic characterization of RVs from evolution assays with commercial EOs yielded no relevant increases in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of E. coli and did not even modify MIC values in S. Typhimurium. Conversely, RVs of E. coli and S. Typhimurium isolated from evolution assays with antibiotics showed increased resistance. Genotypic analysis demonstrated that resistance to commercial EOs was associated with enhanced protection against oxidative stress and redirection of cell energy toward efflux activity, while resistance to antibiotics was primarily linked to modifications in the cell binding sites of antibiotics. These findings suggest that AEN and COLIFIT could serve as safe alternatives to antibiotics in combating the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance within the agrifood system. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-123404NB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 4.3 2023 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY 69 / 354 = 0.195 2023 Q1 T1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL 20 / 72 = 0.278 2023 Q2 T1 0.845 2023 Pharmaceutical Science 2023 Q1 Drug Discovery 2023 Q2 Molecular Medicine 2023 Q2 6.1 2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Berdejo, Daniel Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5053-8309 Pagán, Elisa Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3752-4660 Girard, Claire Kerros, Sylvain Spinozzi, Eleonora Pagán, Rafael Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0238-6328 García-Gonzalo, Diego Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-7629-8101 2008 640 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Nutrición Bromatología 2008 780 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Tecnología de Alimentos 16, 10 (2023), 1443 [18 pp.] Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals 1424-8247 1138832 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129366/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2746086 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129366/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:129366 articulos driver 2025-03-19-14:32:19 ARTICLE