129468 20241125101124.0 doi 10.1073/pnas.2304848120 sideral 135766 ART-2023-135766 eng Mu, Wenjie Scattered differentiation of unlinked loci across the genome underlines ecological divergence of the selfing grass Brachypodium stacei 2023 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Ecological divergence without geographic isolation, as an early speciation process that may lead finally to reproductive isolation through natural selection, remains a captivating topic in evolutionary biology. However, the pattern of genetic divergence underlying this process across the genome may vary between species and mating systems. Here, we present evidence that Brachypodium stacei, an annual and highly selfing grass model species, has undergone sympatric ecological divergence without geographic isolation. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses together with lab experiments mimicking the two opposite environmental conditions suggest that diploid B. stacei populations have diverged sympatrically in two slopes characterized by distinct biomes at Evolution Canyon I (ECI), Mount Carmel, Israel. Despite ongoing gene flow, primarily facilitated by seed dispersal, the level of gene flow has progressively decreased over time. This local adaptation involves the scattered divergence of many unlinked loci across the total genome that include both coding genes and noncoding regions. Additionally, we have identified significant differential expressions of genes related to the ABA signaling pathway and contrasting metabolome composition between the arid- vs. forest-adapted B. stacei populations in ECI. These results suggest that multiple small loci involved in environmental responses act additively to account for ecological adaptations by this selfing species in contrasting environments. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/A01-23R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/LMP82-21 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2019-108195GB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ 9.4 2023 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 13 / 134 = 0.097 2023 Q1 T1 3.737 2023 Multidisciplinary 2023 Q1 19.0 2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Li, Kexin Yang, Yongzhi Breiman, Adina Lou, Shangling Yang, Jiao Wu, Ying Wu, Shuang Liu, Jianquan Nevo, Eviatar Catalan, Pilar Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7793-5259 5011 063 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural Área Botánica 120, 45 (2023), e2304848120 [9 pp.] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 0027-8424 11320640 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129468/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 3705416 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129468/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:129468 articulos driver 2024-11-22-11:57:10 ARTICLE