000129647 001__ 129647 000129647 005__ 20240731103323.0 000129647 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/life13112155 000129647 0248_ $$2sideral$$a135870 000129647 037__ $$aART-2023-135870 000129647 041__ $$aeng 000129647 100__ $$aFranco, Feliciano 000129647 245__ $$aComputational analysis of the influence of menopause and ageing on bone mineral density, exploring the impact of bone turnover and focal bone balance—a study on overload and underload scenarios 000129647 260__ $$c2023 000129647 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000129647 5203_ $$aThis study aims to investigate the impact of hormonal imbalances during menopause, compounded by the natural ageing process, on bone health. Specifically, it examines the effects of increased bone turnover and focal bone balance on bone mass. A three-dimensional computational bone remodeling model was employed to simulate the response of the femur to habitual loads over a 19-year period, spanning premenopause, menopause, and postmenopause. The model was calibrated using experimental bone mineral density data from the literature to ensure accurate simulations. The study reveals that individual alterations in bone turnover or focal bone balance do not fully account for the observed experimental outcomes. Instead, simultaneous changes in both factors provide a more comprehensive explanation, leading to increased porosity while maintaining the material-to-apparent density ratio. Additionally, different load scenarios were tested, demonstrating that reaching the clinical osteoporosis threshold is independent of the timing of load changes. However, underload scenarios resulted in the threshold being reached approximately 6 years earlier than overload scenarios. These findings hold significant implications for strategies aimed at delaying the onset of osteoporosis and minimizing fracture risks through targeted mechanical stimulation during the early stages of menopause. 000129647 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000129647 590__ $$a3.2$$b2023 000129647 592__ $$a0.713$$b2023 000129647 591__ $$aBIOLOGY$$b26 / 109 = 0.239$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1 000129647 593__ $$aPaleontology$$c2023$$dQ1 000129647 593__ $$aSpace and Planetary Science$$c2023$$dQ2 000129647 593__ $$aBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)$$c2023$$dQ2 000129647 593__ $$aEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics$$c2023$$dQ2 000129647 594__ $$a4.3$$b2023 000129647 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000129647 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3784-1140$$aBorau Zamora, Carlos$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000129647 700__ $$aCampana, Diego Martín 000129647 700__ $$aBerli, Marcelo Eduardo 000129647 7102_ $$15004$$2605$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Mec.Med.Cont. y Teor.Est. 000129647 773__ $$g13, 11 (2023), 2155 [19 pp.]$$pLife (Basel)$$tLife$$x2075-1729 000129647 8564_ $$s1215002$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129647/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000129647 8564_ $$s2641621$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/129647/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000129647 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:129647$$particulos$$pdriver 000129647 951__ $$a2024-07-31-09:43:41 000129647 980__ $$aARTICLE