000130038 001__ 130038
000130038 005__ 20241125101148.0
000130038 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1021/acsomega.3c06672
000130038 0248_ $$2sideral$$a136368
000130038 037__ $$aART-2023-136368
000130038 041__ $$aeng
000130038 100__ $$aVillasana, Yanet
000130038 245__ $$aExploring a low-cost valorization route for amazonian cocoa pod husks through thermochemical and catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors
000130038 260__ $$c2023
000130038 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000130038 5203_ $$aEcuador as an international leader in the production of cocoa beans produced more than 300 000 tons in 2021; hence, the management and valorization of the 2 MM tons of waste generated annually by this industry have a strategic and socioeconomic value. Consequently, appropriate technologies to avoid environmental problems and promote sustainable development and the bioeconomy, especially considering that this is a megadiverse country, are of the utmost relevance. For this reason, we explored a low-cost pyrolysis route for valorizing cocoa pod husks from Ecuador’s Amazonian region, aiming at producing pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil), biochar, and gas as an alternative chemical source from cocoa residues in the absence of hydrogen. Downstream catalytic processing of hot pyrolysis vapors using Mo- and/or Ni-based catalysts and standalone γ-Al2O3 was applied for obtaining upgraded bio-oils in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor, at 500 °C in a N2 atmosphere. As a result, bimetallic catalysts increased the bio-oil aqueous phase yield by 6.6%, at the expense of the organic phase due to cracking reactions according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results. Overall product yield remained constant, in comparison to pyrolysis without any downstream catalytic treatment (bio-oil ∼39.0–40.0 wt % and permanent gases 24.6–26.6 wt %). Ex situ reduced and passivated MoNi/γ-Al2O3 led to the lowest organic phase and highest aqueous phase yields. The product distribution between the two liquid phases was also modified by the catalytic upgrading experiments carried out, according to heteronuclear single-quantum correlation (HSQC), total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and NMR analyses. The detailed composition distribution reported here shows the chemical production potential of this residue and serves as a starting point for subsequent valorizing technologies and/or processes in the food and nonfood industry beneficiating society, environment, economy, and research.
000130038 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RTI2018-096294-B-C31
000130038 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
000130038 590__ $$a3.7$$b2023
000130038 592__ $$a0.71$$b2023
000130038 591__ $$aCHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b86 / 231 = 0.372$$c2023$$dQ2$$eT2
000130038 593__ $$aChemistry (miscellaneous)$$c2023$$dQ2
000130038 593__ $$aChemical Engineering (miscellaneous)$$c2023$$dQ2
000130038 594__ $$a6.6$$b2023
000130038 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000130038 700__ $$aArmenise, Sabino
000130038 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4493-6540$$aÁbrego, Javier$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000130038 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-5047-5106$$aAtienza-Martínez, María
000130038 700__ $$aHablich, Karina
000130038 700__ $$aBimbela, Fernando
000130038 700__ $$aCornejo, Alfonso
000130038 700__ $$aGandía, Luis M.
000130038 7102_ $$15005$$2790$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb.$$cÁrea Tecnologi. Medio Ambiente
000130038 773__ $$g8, 40 (2023), 37610-37621$$pACS Omega$$tACS OMEGA$$x2470-1343
000130038 8564_ $$s3105862$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130038/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000130038 8564_ $$s3250779$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130038/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000130038 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:130038$$particulos$$pdriver
000130038 951__ $$a2024-11-22-12:05:37
000130038 980__ $$aARTICLE