130177 20251031073015.0 doi 10.1080/13504851.2023.2300994 sideral 136077 ART-2025-136077 eng (orcid)0000-0003-1081-4107 Belloc, Ignacio Universidad de Zaragoza Living in rural areas and self-employment 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Are workers in rural areas more likely to be self-employed compared to those in urban areas? Are their employment outcomes better than their counterparts in rural areas? To answer these questions, this paper uses data from the European Working Conditions Survey for the year 2015, encompassing 35 European countries. Results reveal that individuals in rural areas exhibit a higher likelihood of being self-employed, compared to their urban counterparts. However, self-employed workers in rural areas experience significantly worse employment outcomes than their urban counterparts, as they receive lower earnings. Despite the more demanding working conditions, workers in rural Europe are more inclined towards self-employment as a mean of livelihood. These findings suggest that self-employment serves as a crucial mechanism for individuals in rural areas to cope with developmental and institutional challenges, and highlight the importance of regional supportive self-employment policies. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S32-23R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es 1.3 2024 ECONOMICS 332 / 617 = 0.538 2024 Q3 T2 0.384 2024 Economics and Econometrics 2024 Q3 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion (orcid)0000-0002-0553-6360 Velilla, Jorge Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5545-7006 Ortega-Lapiedra, Raquel Universidad de Zaragoza 4012 650 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas Área Organización de Empresas 4000 415 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Análisis Económico Área Fund. Análisis Económico 32, 7 (2025), 1044-1048 Appl. econ. lett. APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS 1350-4851 219301 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130177/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2025-01-03 1262854 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130177/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2025-01-03 oai:zaguan.unizar.es:130177 articulos driver 2025-10-30-14:52:13 ARTICLE