Resumen: Background: The Ascertaining Barriers to Compliance (ABC) taxonomy was developed aiming at systematizing definitions and operationalizations of medication adherence. Its translation is crucial to improve the generalizability, application and comparison of study findings. Objective: To provide a consensus translation of the ABC taxonomy from English to Spanish. Methods: A two-phased approach was used, according to the Preferred Methods for the Translation of the ABC Taxonomy for Medication Adherence. Two literature reviews were conducted: to identify Spanish synonyms and definitions of the ABC taxonomy, and to identify a panel of Spanish-speaking experts in medication adherence. A Delphi survey was designed based on the synonyms and definitions found. The experts previously identified were invited to participate in the Delphi. A consensus of ≥85% was established for the first round. A moderate consensus (50–75%), a consensus (75–95%) or a strong consensus (>95%) were considered to be necessary in the second round. Results: Forty potential synonyms of the ABC taxonomy terms were identified from a total of 270 papers. The response rate during the first Delphi round was 32% (63/197) and in the second round 86% (54/63). A strong consensus was reached for the term “inicio del tratamiento” (96%) and consensus for the term “implementación” (83%). A moderate consensus was obtained for “adherencia a la medicación” (70%), “interrupción del tratamiento” (52%), “manejo de la adherencia” (54%) and “disciplinas relacionadas con la adherencia” (74%). No consensus was reached for the term persistence. Five out of the seven definitions reached a consensus in the first round, and two definitions a moderate consensus after the second round. Conclusion: The adoption of the Spanish taxonomy will increase transparency, comparability and transferability of results in the field of medication adherence. This may facilitate benchmarking of adherence strategies between Spanish-speaking researchers and practitioners, and other language speakers. Idioma: Inglés DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.05.012 Año: 2023 Publicado en: Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy 19, 9 (2023), 1292-1297 ISSN: 1551-7411 Factor impacto JCR: 3.7 (2023) Categ. JCR: PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH rank: 72 / 403 = 0.179 (2023) - Q1 - T1 Factor impacto CITESCORE: 7.2 - Pharmacy (Q1) - Pharmaceutical Science (Q1)