000130684 001__ 130684 000130684 005__ 20240130150402.0 000130684 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s00181-020-01928-x 000130684 0248_ $$2sideral$$a119964 000130684 037__ $$aART-2021-119964 000130684 041__ $$aeng 000130684 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1610-5451$$aGiménez-Nadal, J.I.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000130684 245__ $$aTesting urban efficiency wages in France and Spain 000130684 260__ $$c2021 000130684 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000130684 5203_ $$aThis paper analyzes the existence of efficiency wages in the French and Spanish labor markets, within an urban efficiency wage theoretical framework. Using data from the French and Spanish time use surveys for the year 2009–2010, results support the main hypothesis of urban efficiency wage models. In particular, that leisure and shirking at work are substitutes, that there is a negative relationship between commuting and leisure, and that there are positive relationships between commuting-shirking at work and commuting-earnings. These results represent the second test of this relationship in the literature, and the first empirical estimate of these relationships for France and Spain. The results show the existence of a direct link between commuting and earnings, which may be helpful in improving the functioning of labor markets. 000130684 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 000130684 590__ $$a2.647$$b2021 000130684 591__ $$aSOCIAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICAL METHODS$$b18 / 53 = 0.34$$c2021$$dQ2$$eT2 000130684 591__ $$aECONOMICS$$b144 / 381 = 0.378$$c2021$$dQ2$$eT2 000130684 592__ $$a0.535$$b2021 000130684 593__ $$aEconomics and Econometrics$$c2021$$dQ2 000130684 593__ $$aStatistics and Probability$$c2021$$dQ2 000130684 593__ $$aMathematics (miscellaneous)$$c2021$$dQ2 000130684 594__ $$a2.5$$b2021 000130684 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000130684 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9437-4606$$aMolina, J.A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000130684 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0553-6360$$aVelilla, J.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000130684 7102_ $$14000$$2415$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Análisis Económico$$cÁrea Fund. Análisis Económico 000130684 773__ $$g61 (2021), 2205–2236$$pEmpir. econ.$$tEmpirical Economics$$x0377-7332 000130684 8564_ $$s509151$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130684/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000130684 8564_ $$s1376951$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/130684/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000130684 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:130684$$particulos$$pdriver 000130684 951__ $$a2024-01-30-14:07:45 000130684 980__ $$aARTICLE