132166 20260217205454.0 doi 10.3390/app14020589 sideral 137414 ART-2024-137414 eng Antolín-Cañada, Diego (orcid)0000-0003-4404-776X Remote low-cost differential isolated probe for voltage measurements 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The growing development of communication technologies has given rise to the Internet of Things, which has led to the emergence of new cities, smart grids, and smart buildings, and the development of energy generation using renewable sources, as well as the emergence of new electrical loads such as the electric car. These advances give rise to the need for new media devices with remote communication, and require a greater control and monitoring of the state of the electrical grid in order to verify its correct state, as well as the detection of faults or alterations that are occurring in it due to these new generation systems or new loads. These remote, unsupervised measurement devices require galvanic isolation to protect the measurement and communication system, so that even if there is a break in the isolation, the integrity of the measurement and communication system is maintained. In addition, as it is a device prepared for multipoint measurement, the cost of the probe must be contained. This article details the design, implementation, and validation of a low-cost remote isolated differential voltage probe. This probe is intended for monitoring at network supply points, as well as for the verification of the European standard EN 50160 as a means of detecting disturbances in network behaviour. Its characteristics as a differential and isolated probe provide it with the possibility of floating voltage averaging, guaranteeing the integrity of the electronics of the low-voltage probe, i.e., the digitalisation and communication system. The measurements collected are sent via an MQTT protocol, which makes the remote probe a device compatible with the Internet of Energy. For the validation of the probe, a full functional test is performed, including FFT spectral analysis to verify the compliance of the mains voltage with the aforementioned European standard EN 50160. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2019-106570RB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-138785OB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 2.5 2024 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 50 / 179 = 0.279 2024 Q2 T1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 123 / 239 = 0.515 2024 Q3 T2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 284 / 461 = 0.616 2024 Q3 T2 PHYSICS, APPLIED 101 / 187 = 0.54 2024 Q3 T2 0.521 2024 Computer Science Applications 2024 Q2 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2024 Q2 Process Chemistry and Technology 2024 Q2 Instrumentation 2024 Q2 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2024 Q2 Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes 2024 Q2 5.5 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Pérez-Cebolla, Francisco José Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-3302-7862 Enériz, Daniel Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5709-1183 Calvo, Belén Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-2361-1077 Medrano, Nicolás Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-5380-3013 5008 785 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com. Área Tecnología Electrónica 5008 250 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com. Área Electrónica 14, 2 (2024), 589 [22 pp.] Appl. sci. Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 2076-3417 9037703 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/132166/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2604674 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/132166/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:132166 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:19:50 ARTICLE