000132269 001__ 132269
000132269 005__ 20241125101154.0
000132269 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fcimb.2023.1329632
000132269 0248_ $$2sideral$$a137435
000132269 037__ $$aART-2023-137435
000132269 041__ $$aeng
000132269 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2126-2232$$aUruén, Cristina$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000132269 245__ $$aInvasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome
000132269 260__ $$c2023
000132269 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000132269 5203_ $$aIntroductionStreptococcus suis is a major pathogen for swine and human. Here we aimed to know the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in invasive S. suis isolates recovered along Spain between 2016 – 2021 and elucidate their genetic origin.MethodsAntibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for 116 isolates of different genetic backgrounds and geographic origins against 18 antibiotics of 9 families. The association between AMR and genotypes and the origin of the isolates were statistically analyzed using Pearson´s chi-square test and the likelihood ratio. The antimicrobial resistant genes were identified by whole genome sequencing analysis and PCR screenings.ResultsHigh AMR rates (>80%) were detected for tetracyclines, spectinomycin, lincosamides, and marbofloxacin, medium (20-40%) for sulphonamides/trimethoprim, tiamulin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin, and low (< 20%) for florfenicol, and four additional β-lactams. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 90% of isolates. For certain antibiotics (penicillin G, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, tilmicosin, and erythromycin), AMR was significantly associated with particular sequence types (STs), geographic regions, age of pigs, and time course. Whole genome sequencing comparisons and PCR screenings identified 23 AMR genes, of which 19 were previously reported in S. suis (aph(3’)-IIIa, sat4, aadE, spw, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia, fexA, optrA, erm(B), mef(A/E), mrs(D), mph(C), lnu(B), lsa(E), vga(F), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W)), and 4 were novel (aph(2’’)-IIIa, apmA, erm(47), tet(T)). These AMR genes explained the AMR to spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tiamulin, and tetracyclines. Several genes were located on mobile genetic elements which showed a variable organization and composition. As AMR gene homologs were identified in many human and animal pathogens, the resistome of S. suis has a different phylogenetic origin. Moreover, AMR to penicillin G, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim related to mutations in genes coding for target enzymes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x, mraY, gyrA, parC, and dhfr). Bioinformatic analysis estimated traits of recombination on target genes, also indicative of gene transfer events.ConclusionsOur work evidences that S. suis is a major contributor to AMR dissemination across veterinary and human pathogens. Therefore, control of AMR in S. suis should be considered from a One Health approach in regions with high pig production to properly tackle the issue of antimicrobial drug resistance.
000132269 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/LMP58-21$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN AEI PID2020-114617RB-100AEI-10.13039-501100011033
000132269 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000132269 590__ $$a4.6$$b2023
000132269 592__ $$a1.285$$b2023
000132269 591__ $$aMICROBIOLOGY$$b37 / 161 = 0.23$$c2023$$dQ1$$eT1
000132269 593__ $$aMedicine (miscellaneous)$$c2023$$dQ1
000132269 591__ $$aIMMUNOLOGY$$b56 / 181 = 0.309$$c2023$$dQ2$$eT1
000132269 593__ $$aInfectious Diseases$$c2023$$dQ1
000132269 593__ $$aMicrobiology (medical)$$c2023$$dQ1
000132269 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2023$$dQ1
000132269 593__ $$aImmunology$$c2023$$dQ2
000132269 594__ $$a7.9$$b2023
000132269 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000132269 700__ $$aGimeno, Jorge
000132269 700__ $$aSanz, Marina
000132269 700__ $$aFraile, Lorenzo
000132269 700__ $$aMarín, Clara M.
000132269 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-8134-0693$$aArenas, Jesús$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000132269 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal
000132269 773__ $$g13 (2023), [18 pp.]$$tFrontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology$$x2235-2988
000132269 8564_ $$s11655002$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/132269/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000132269 8564_ $$s2075931$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/132269/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000132269 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:132269$$particulos$$pdriver
000132269 951__ $$a2024-11-22-12:08:20
000132269 980__ $$aARTICLE