000133291 001__ 133291
000133291 005__ 20240410085329.0
000133291 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/w16050668
000133291 0248_ $$2sideral$$a137931
000133291 037__ $$aART-2024-137931
000133291 041__ $$aeng
000133291 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2587-6423$$aMenacho, Carmen
000133291 245__ $$aChlorine Photolysis: A Step Forward in Inactivating Acanthamoeba and Their Endosymbiont Bacteria
000133291 260__ $$c2024
000133291 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000133291 5203_ $$aChlorine and solar disinfection are widely used disinfectants in water treatment. However, certain potential pathogens can resist these methods, posing a public health risk. One such case is Acanthamoeba, a resistant free-living amoeba that protects pathogens inside from disinfection, thus endangering the health of water users. This work is the first evaluation of the inactivation efficiency achieved by combining NaClO (Cl2) and solar radiation (SR) against two Acanthamoeba strains from different sources (freshwater and pool water) and their endosymbiont bacteria (EB). Amoebae were exposed to different Cl2 doses (0–500 mg/L), SR wavelength ranges (280–800 nm and 320–800 nm), used as gold standards, and their combinations. The EB exhibited resistance to conventional Cl2 and SR treatments, requiring up to 20 times higher disinfectant doses than those needed to inactivate their protective Acanthamoeba. The pool strain and its EB demonstrated greater resistance to all treatments compared to the freshwater strain. Treatments with Cl2 (5 mg/L)/SR280–800nm completely inactivated both Acanthamoeba and EB of the freshwater strain, reducing up to 100 times the necessary Cl2 doses, suggesting that chlorine photolysis is an attractive treatment for disinfecting freshwater and preventing waterborne diseases associated with Acanthamoebae and its EB.
000133291 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B43-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/AEI/TED2021-129267B-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-14102NB-I00
000133291 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000133291 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000133291 700__ $$aSoler, Maria$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000133291 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9981-9045$$aChueca, Patricia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000133291 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3014-0322$$aOrmad, Maria P.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000133291 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0765-7227$$aGoñi, Pilar$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000133291 7102_ $$11011$$2660$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Microb.Ped.Radio.Sal.Pú.$$cÁrea Parasitología
000133291 7102_ $$11001$$2X$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani.$$cÁrea Técnica. Lab. y Talleres
000133291 7102_ $$15005$$2790$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb.$$cÁrea Tecnologi. Medio Ambiente
000133291 773__ $$g16, 5 (2024), 668 [18 pp.]$$pWater (Basel)$$tWater (Switzerland)$$x2073-4441
000133291 8564_ $$s1814110$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/133291/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000133291 8564_ $$s2705135$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/133291/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000133291 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:133291$$particulos$$pdriver
000133291 951__ $$a2024-04-10-08:38:52
000133291 980__ $$aARTICLE