133294 20260217205514.0 doi 10.1103/PhysRevE.109.014313 sideral 137939 ART-2024-137939 eng Lu, Yikang Understanding the role of neutral species by means of high-order interaction in the rock-paper-scissors dynamics 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The existence of neutral species carries profound ecological implications that warrant further investigation. In this paper, we study the impact of neutral species on biodiversity in a spatial tritrophic system of cyclic competition, in which the neutral species are identified as the fourth species that may affect the competition process of the other three species under the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) rule. Extensive simulations showed that neutral species can promote coexistence in a high mobility regime within the system. When coexistence occurs, we found that the state can be maintained by two mechanisms: Species can either (i) adhere to traditional RPS rule or (ii) form patches to resist invasion. Our findings might aid in understanding the impact of neutral species on biodiversity in ecosystems info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 2.4 2024 PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL 13 / 61 = 0.213 2024 Q1 T1 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS 17 / 41 = 0.415 2024 Q2 T2 0.705 2024 Condensed Matter Physics 2024 Q2 Statistics and Probability 2024 Q2 Statistical and Nonlinear Physics 2024 Q2 4.2 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Wang, Xiaoyue Du, Chunpeng Wang, Yanan Geng, Yini Shi, Lei Park, Junpyo 109, 1 (2024), 11 pp Phys. rev., E Physical Review E 2470-0045 9641779 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/133294/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 3048650 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/133294/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:133294 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:26:23 ARTICLE