134538 20260217205450.0 doi 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107597 sideral 138196 ART-2024-138196 eng Lallana, Martín Metals for energy & digital transition in Spain: Demand, recycling and sufficiency alternatives 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This study employs Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to comprehensively forecast metal demand in alignment with energy and digital transition policies at the country level, focusing on Spain. Our analysis spans eight technologies and ten metal groups, projecting metal demand and end-of-life recycling by 2050. We apply ambitious collection and recycling rate objectives, providing estimates of primary extraction requirements. We define and evaluate six scenarios targeting circular economy and sufficiency alternatives aimed at reducing primary extraction. Our results highlight electric mobility as the predominant driver of future metal demand, accounting for 54–92 % of cumulative demand for aluminum, copper, manganese, cobalt, nickel, lithium, dysprosium, and neodymium. From a global justice perspective, the 'equitable fraction of global reserves' for lithium and cobalt is surpassed. Ambitious recycling efforts could potentially cover 23–68 % of the cumulative metal demand between 2020 and 2050, while implementing circular economy and sufficiency alternatives might reduce primary extraction requirements by 11–61 %. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-116851RB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/TED2021-131397B-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es 10.9 2024 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 21 / 376 = 0.056 2024 Q1 T1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL 7 / 83 = 0.084 2024 Q1 T1 2.872 2024 Waste Management and Disposal 2024 Q1 Economics and Econometrics 2024 Q1 24.7 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Torrubia, Jorge Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-9282-1428 Valero, Alicia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 205 (2024), 107597 [11 pp.] Resour. conserv. recycl. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 0921-3449 3944465 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/134538/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2787505 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/134538/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:134538 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:18:51 ARTICLE