135576 20260217205535.0 doi 10.1039/d4gc00564c sideral 138681 ART-2024-138681 eng Tratnik, Blaž Exploring hybrid hard carbon/Bi2S3-based negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The study presents a hybrid hard-carbon/nanocrystalline-Bi2S3 material applicable for negative electrodes in sodium-ion batteries. Through a series of comprehensive analyzes, including electrochemical measurements, operando XRD, ex situ solid-state NMR, and high-resolution STEM imaging, the effectiveness of the HC/Bi2S3 hybrid configuration in the negative electrode function is elucidated with a focus on the underlying charge storage mechanism. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates the improved performance of the hybrid materials over the pristine HC negative electrode and highlights the robustness and stability of the HC/Bi2S3 hybrids over prolonged cycling even under high current densities. Here, the final capacities observed after 100 cycles reached a value of 252 mA h g−1, compared to 216 mA h g−1 of pristine HC. Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrate a complex charge storage behavior that integrates both surface and diffusion-driven processes at different potentials during reduction and oxidation. A series of phase transformations during cycling observed in operando XRD expose irreversible reactions during the initial cycle between Bi2S3 and sodium ions, such as the breakdown of the Bi2S3 nanocrystal structure. This phenomenon is further confirmed by the detection of Na2S species using ex situ solid-state NMR. High-resolution STEM imaging reveals morphological changes in Bi2S3 nanocrystals and highlights their resistance to pulverization due to their nanoscale dimensions. This work provides comprehensive insights into the electrochemical performance of the HC/Bi2S3 and sheds light on specific mechanisms and reactions occurring during cycling. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/875629/EU/NA ION MATERIALS AS ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS TO MANUFACTURE ROBUST BATTERY CELLS FOR NON-AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS/NAIMA This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 875629-NAIMA info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 9.2 2024 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 16 / 103 = 0.155 2024 Q1 T1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 32 / 239 = 0.134 2024 Q1 T1 1.928 2024 Pollution 2024 Q1 Environmental Chemistry 2024 Q1 16.1 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Aina, Sergio Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-2866-9369 Tchernychova, Elena Gabrijelcic, Matej Mali, Gregor Lobera, Maria Pilar Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-2436-1041 Bernechea, Maria (orcid)0000-0003-2800-6845 Morcrette, Mathieu Vizintin, Alen Dominko, Robert 5005 555 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Ingeniería Química 5005 790 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Tecnologi. Medio Ambiente 26, 10 (2024), 6089-6099 Green chem. GREEN CHEMISTRY 1463-9262 3398692 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/135576/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2619783 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/135576/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:135576 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:34:15 ARTICLE