000135990 001__ 135990
000135990 005__ 20240704095849.0
000135990 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/ijms25137069
000135990 0248_ $$2sideral$$a138954
000135990 037__ $$aART-2024-138954
000135990 041__ $$aeng
000135990 100__ $$aFerrando, Natalia
000135990 245__ $$aBioactivity of eugenol: a potential antibiotic adjuvant with minimal ecotoxicological impact
000135990 260__ $$c2024
000135990 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000135990 5203_ $$aCombining commercial antibiotics with adjuvants to lower their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is vital in combating antimicrobial resistance. Evaluating the ecotoxicity of such compounds is crucial due to environmental and health risks. Here, eugenol was assessed as an adjuvant for 7 commercial antibiotics against 14 pathogenic bacteria in vitro, also examining its acute ecotoxicity on various soil and water organisms (microbiota, Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna, Eisenia foetida, and Allium cepa). Using microdilution methods, checkerboard assays, and kinetic studies, the MICs for eugenol were determined together with the nature of its combinations with antibiotics against bacteria, some unexposed to eugenol previously. The lethal dose for the non-target organisms was also determined, as well as the Average Well Color Development and the Community-Level Physiological Profiling for soil and water microbiota. Our findings indicate that eugenol significantly reduces MICs by 75 to 98%, which means that it could be a potent adjuvant. Ecotoxicological assessments showed eugenol to be less harmful to water and soil microbiota compared to studied antibiotics. While Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna were susceptible, Allium cepa and Eisenia foetida were minimally affected. Given that only 0.1% of eugenol is excreted by humans without metabolism, its environmental risk when used with antibiotics appears minimal.
000135990 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T67-23R
000135990 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
000135990 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000135990 700__ $$aPino-Otín, María Rosa
000135990 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8511-5218$$aTerrado, Eva$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000135990 700__ $$aBallestero, Diego
000135990 700__ $$aLanga, Elisa
000135990 7102_ $$14013$$2205$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Didácticas Específicas$$cÁrea Didáctica Ciencias Exper.
000135990 773__ $$g25, 13 (2024), 7069 [30 pp.]$$pInt. j. mol. sci.$$tInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences$$x1661-6596
000135990 8564_ $$s1634108$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/135990/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000135990 8564_ $$s2463868$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/135990/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000135990 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:135990$$particulos$$pdriver
000135990 951__ $$a2024-07-04-07:59:40
000135990 980__ $$aARTICLE