000136319 001__ 136319 000136319 005__ 20240731105612.0 000136319 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s12937-024-00979-5 000136319 0248_ $$2sideral$$a139206 000136319 037__ $$aART-2024-139206 000136319 041__ $$aeng 000136319 100__ $$aLópez-Gil, José Francisco 000136319 245__ $$aIs the frequency of breakfast consumption associated with life satisfaction in children and adolescents? A cross-sectional study with 154,151 participants from 42 countries 000136319 260__ $$c2024 000136319 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000136319 5203_ $$aBackground: The promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents aged 10–17 years from 42 different countries. Methods: This study used information from the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study, comprising nationally representative samples of children and adolescents aged 10–17 years who were attending school. The total number of participants from the 42 countries included in the study was 155,451 (51.3% girls). The evaluation of breakfast consumption in this study involved a specific question: “How often do you typically have breakfast (more than a glass of milk or fruit juice)?”. To measure life satisfaction, a subjective assessment scale was used in the form of a ladder, visually spanning from 0 to 10. On this scale, the topmost point (10) denotes the highest conceivable quality of life, whereas the bottom point (0) represents the worst imaginable quality of life. Results: After adjusting for several covariates, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was identified in those participants who skipped breakfast (mean [M] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5 to 5.8). Conversely, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those who had breakfast every day (M = 6.5, 95% CI 6.3 to 6.6). Overall, a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents was identified (p-for-trend < 0.001). In addition, the highest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction score was identified in those participants from Portugal who had breakfast every day (M = 7.7; 95% CI 6.9 to 8.5 points). Conversely, the lowest estimated marginal mean of life satisfaction was observed in those participants from Romania who no breakfast (M = 3.5; 95% CI 2.6 to 4.4 points). Conclusions: There is a nearly linear relationship between higher frequency of breakfast and greater life satisfaction in children and adolescents. Considering the potential health advantages associated with breakfast during this critical age phase, these findings imply the necessity for additional global efforts to promote increased breakfast consumption among children and adolescents. 000136319 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000136319 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000136319 700__ $$aTully, Mark A. 000136319 700__ $$aCristi-Montero, Carlos 000136319 700__ $$aBrazo-Sayavera, Javier 000136319 700__ $$aGaya, Anelise Reis 000136319 700__ $$aCalatayud, Joaquín 000136319 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7865-3429$$aLópez-Bueno, Rubén 000136319 700__ $$aSmith, Lee 000136319 773__ $$g23, 1 (2024), 78 [11 pp.]$$pNutr. j.$$tNutrition journal$$x1475-2891 000136319 8564_ $$s1770183$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/136319/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000136319 8564_ $$s2286153$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/136319/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000136319 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:136319$$particulos$$pdriver 000136319 951__ $$a2024-07-31-09:22:53 000136319 980__ $$aARTICLE