144586 20260217205518.0 doi 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360288 sideral 139407 ART-2024-139407 eng Falceto, M. V. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6964-7011 An international survey on canine urinary incontinence: case frequency, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) consists of involuntary leakage of urine during the storage phase of urination. Methods: An anonymous survey was given to Spanish and Italian veterinarians about canine UI treated cases, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and professional interest. Results and discussion: Most veterinarians treated ≤3 cases/quarter, resulting in the percentage of incontinence males being lower than that of females (1-4% vs 0-24%). The percentage of spayed incontinent females was lower in Spain (0-24%) than in Italy (75-100%). Most diagnoses were based on a diagnostic algorithm (Spain: 88.7%; Italy: 65.3%); patient report and history, blood work, urinalysis and abdominal ultrasound. Urethral/bladder pressure measurement was unusual (Spain: 0.2%; Italy: 2.4%). In Spain, radiology with contrast medium and CT urography (26.3% and 34.4%, respectively) were more frequent than in Italy (11.6% and 22.7%, respectively). When suspecting urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence pharmacological trial (Spain: 93.2%; Italy: 78.9%). The first-choice medical treatment was Phenylpropanolamine, followed by Ephedrine and Deslorelin. When pharmacotherapy failed, the most frequent option was drug change, followed by increased drug dosage/frequency of administration, surgical therapy and colposuspension. A review was completed after the first week of treatment followed by periodic reviews. Most of the respondents participated in continuing education only if UI occurred in their everyday practice (Spain: 63.0%; Italy: 55.4%) and about 30% responders did it regardless of the number of UI cases treated (Spain: 30.5%; Italy: 37.4%). Conclusion: Some recommendations in clinical practice were made. UI can be underestimated by owners; therefore, a complete history should be obtained by veterinarians. Veterinarians should carefully evaluate if spaying is advisable considering it could increase UI risk. A step-by-step approach is recommended and a specific diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for UI in dogs is provided. Conservative approaches (regular exercise, weight loss in overweight dogs and observing an “incontinence diary” to identify abnormal patterns of urination) are advisable. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 2.9 2024 VETERINARY SCIENCES 19 / 170 = 0.112 2024 Q1 T1 0.783 2024 Veterinary (miscellaneous) 2024 Q1 5.1 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Caccamo, R. Garrido, A. M. Universidad de Zaragoza Pisu, M. C. Tejedor, M. T. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5026-5144 Trerotoli, P. Nicoli, S. Zagarella, P. Lippi, I. García-Pedraza, E. Rambaldi, J. Kirilova, D. Mitjana, O. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-9907-2941 1001 420 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani. Área Genética 1009 617 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Patología Animal Área Medicina y Cirugía Animal 11 (2024), [12 pp.] Front. vet. sci. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2297-1769 530455 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/144586/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2323872 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/144586/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:144586 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:27:31 ARTICLE