000144622 001__ 144622 000144622 005__ 20250923084427.0 000144622 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s12984-024-01422-w 000144622 0248_ $$2sideral$$a139405 000144622 037__ $$aART-2024-139405 000144622 041__ $$aeng 000144622 100__ $$aBuele, Jorge 000144622 245__ $$aEffects of a dual intervention (motor and virtual reality-based cognitive) on cognition in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial 000144622 260__ $$c2024 000144622 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000144622 5203_ $$aBackground: The increase in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underlines the urgency of finding effective methods to slow its progression. Given the limited effectiveness of current pharmacological options to prevent or treat the early stages of this deterioration, non-pharmacological alternatives are especially relevant. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-motor intervention based on immersive virtual reality (VR) that simulates an activity of daily living (ADL) on cognitive functions and its impact on depression and the ability to perform such activities in patients with MCI. Methods: Thirty-four older adults (men, women) with MCI were randomized to the experimental group (n = 17; 75.41 ± 5.76) or control (n = 17; 77.35 ± 6.75) group. Both groups received motor training, through aerobic, balance and resistance activities in group. Subsequently, the experimental group received cognitive training based on VR, while the control group received traditional cognitive training. Cognitive functions, depression, and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-S), the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-S), and the of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL-S) before and after 6-week intervention (a total of twelve 40-minutes sessions). Results: Between groups comparison did not reveal significant differences in either cognitive function or geriatric depression. The intragroup effect of cognitive function and geriatric depression was significant in both groups (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. There was no statistically significant improvement in any of the groups when evaluating their performance in ADLs (control, p = 0.28; experimental, p = 0.46) as expected. The completion rate in the experimental group was higher (82.35%) compared to the control group (70.59%). Likewise, participants in the experimental group reached a higher level of difficulty in the application and needed less time to complete the task at each level. Conclusions: The application of a dual intervention, through motor training prior to a cognitive task based on Immersive VR was shown to be a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression in patients with MCI. Similarly, the control group benefited from such dual intervention with statistically significant improvements. 000144622 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000144622 590__ $$a5.2$$b2024 000144622 592__ $$a1.287$$b2024 000144622 591__ $$aENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL$$b28 / 124 = 0.226$$c2024$$dQ1$$eT1 000144622 593__ $$aRehabilitation$$c2024$$dQ1 000144622 591__ $$aREHABILITATION$$b4 / 173 = 0.023$$c2024$$dQ1$$eT1 000144622 593__ $$aHealth Informatics$$c2024$$dQ1 000144622 591__ $$aNEUROSCIENCES$$b47 / 314 = 0.15$$c2024$$dQ1$$eT1 000144622 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000144622 700__ $$aAvilés-Castillo, Fátima 000144622 700__ $$aDel-Valle-Soto, Carolina 000144622 700__ $$aVarela-Aldás, José 000144622 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9408-1280$$aPalacios-Navarro, Guillermo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000144622 7102_ $$15008$$2785$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Tecnología Electrónica 000144622 773__ $$g21, 1 (2024), 130 [17 pp.]$$pJ. neuroeng. rehabilitat.$$tJournal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation$$x1743-0003 000144622 8564_ $$s2805261$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/144622/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000144622 8564_ $$s2148195$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/144622/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000144622 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:144622$$particulos$$pdriver 000144622 951__ $$a2025-09-22-14:40:12 000144622 980__ $$aARTICLE