doi:10.1039/d4nh00226aengKant, KrishnaBeeram, ReshmaCao, Yidos Santos, Paulo S. S.González-Cabaleiro, LaraGarcía-Lojo, DanielGuo, HengJoung, YounjuKothadiya, SiddhantLafuente, MartaLeong, Yong XiangLiu, YiyiLiu, YuxiongBharati Moram, Sree SatyaMahasivam, SanjeManiappan, SoniaQuesada-González, DanielRaj, DivakarWeerathunge, PabudiXia, XinyueYu, QianAbalde-Cela, SaraAlvarez-Puebla, Ramon A.Bardhan, RiziaBansal, VipulChoo, JaebumCoelho, Luis C. C.de Almeida, José M. M. M.Gómez-Graña, SergioGrzelczak, MarekHerves, PabloKumar, JatishLohmueller, TheobaldMerkoçi, ArbenMontaño-Priede, José LuisLing, Xing YiMallada, ReyesPérez-Juste, JorgePina, María P.Singamaneni, SrikanthSoma, Venugopal RaoSun, MengtaoTian, LimeiWang, JianfangPolavarapu, LakshminarayanaPastoriza Santos, IsabelPlasmonic nanoparticle sensors: current progress, challenges, and future prospectsART-2024-139880Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have played a significant role in the evolution of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology in terms of colloidal synthesis, general understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms, and their impact in a wide range of applications. They exhibit strong visible colors due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on their size, shape, composition, and the surrounding dielectric environment. Under resonant excitation, the LSPR of plasmonic NPs leads to a strong field enhancement near their surfaces and thus enhances various light–matter interactions. These unique optical properties of plasmonic NPs have been used to design chemical and biological sensors. Over the last few decades, colloidal plasmonic NPs have been greatly exploited in sensing applications through LSPR shifts (colorimetry), surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced fluorescence, and chiroptical activity. Although colloidal plasmonic NPs have emerged at the forefront of nanobiosensors, there are still several important challenges to be addressed for the realization of plasmonic NP-based sensor kits for routine use in daily life. In this comprehensive review, researchers of different disciplines (colloidal and analytical chemistry, biology, physics, and medicine) have joined together to summarize the past, present, and future of plasmonic NP-based sensors in terms of different sensing platforms, understanding of the sensing mechanisms, different chemical and biological analytes, and the expected future technologies. This review is expected to guide the researchers currently working in this field and inspire future generations of scientists to join this compelling research field and its branches.2024http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/14507810.1039/d4nh00226ahttp://zaguan.unizar.es/record/145078oai:zaguan.unizar.es:145078info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/CNS2022-135531info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PDC2021-121787-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2020-117371RA-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2020-120306RB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2021-124795NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCINN/AEI/PID2022-138724NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCINN/AEI/RYC2018-026103-Iinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/TED2021-131628AA-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101099066/EU/3D spheroids derived from single cells for discovering stochastic patterns behind metastasis/3DSecretinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/823895/EU/SMART SENSING FOR RAPID RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL THREATS ON SOFT TARGETS/SENSOFTThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 823895-SENSOFTinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/883390/EU/Advanced Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) based technologies for gas and liquids sensING in the area of chemical protection/SERSingThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 883390-SERSinginfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/894227/EU/ A rapid non-invasive on-chip miRNA-based Sputum Assay for early stage Lung Cancer Screening/MI-SCANThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 894227-MI-SCANinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/965018/EU/Ultrasensitive BIOsensing platform for multiplex CELLular protein PHEnotyping at single-cell level/BIOCELLPHEThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 965018-BIOCELLPHEinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/CEX2021-001214-Sinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2019-108660RB-I00Nanoscale Horizons 9, 12 (2024), 2085-2166by-nchttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess