doi:10.1038/s41612-024-00771-6engTejedor, ErnestoBenito, GerardoSerrano-Notivoli, RobertoGonzález-Rouco, FidelEsper, JanBüntgen, UlfRecent heatwaves as a prelude to climate extremes in the western Mediterranean regionART-2024-139999The 2022 and 2023 western Mediterranean summer temperatures exceeded millennial natural variability, reaching unprecedented anomalies of +3.6 °C and +2.9 °C respectively. We show that anthropogenic climate change may turn extreme heatwaves from a rarity of 1 in 10,000 years into events occurring every 4–75 years, depending on future scenarios. This shift underscores the urgency of implementing adaptive strategies as extreme climate events manifest sooner and more intensely than expected.2024http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/14518710.1038/s41612-024-00771-6http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/145187oai:zaguan.unizar.es:145187info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101024389/EU/medITerranean HydroclimAte variability over the Common erA/ITHACAThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 101024389-ITHACAinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RYC2021-034330-Inpj climate and atmospheric science 7, 218 (2024), [77 pp-]by-nc-ndhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess