145743 20260217205606.0 doi 10.3390/buildings14113542 sideral 140656 ART-2024-140656 eng Pérez-Bella, José M. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-4278-6622 A Comprehensive Approach to Facade Design for Preventing Rainwater Penetration: Implementation in Spanish Regions 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Rainwater penetration into building facades results in multiple issues, including material and structural degradation, reduced energy efficiency, and health-related concerns among occupants. Currently, the watertightness performance of building facades is assessed based on standardized tests, which simulate generic water supplies and pressure differentials that do not reflect the specific exposure conditions of each facade. Consequently, practitioners’ decisions regarding facade design often rely on qualitative and imprecise criteria that do not align with the actual climatic loads. In this article, a comprehensive approach to facade design for preventing rainwater penetration is described, incorporating specific methodological refinements for reliable and practical implementation across various Spanish regions. In this approach, the parameters surpassed during any watertightness test (defined by the magnitude and duration of the water supplies and pressure differentials) are correlated with the recurrence of equivalent climatic exposures at the facade (determined by the climatic conditions of the site, facade height, and surrounding environment), thereby quantitatively characterizing the facade watertightness performance. The findings used to refine this method for implementation in Spain are illustrated and validated using selected case studies, and a comprehensive database is provided to enable its application at 360 locations distributed across various regions of the country. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-122203OB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 3.1 2024 ENGINEERING, CIVIL 60 / 184 = 0.326 2024 Q2 T1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 31 / 95 = 0.326 2024 Q2 T1 0.652 2024 Architecture 2024 Q1 Civil and Structural Engineering 2024 Q2 Building and Construction 2024 Q2 4.4 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Domínguez-Hernández, Javier Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-3776-9791 Orna-Carmona, Martín (orcid)0000-0001-5634-9357 Salesa-Bordanaba, Ángel (orcid)0000-0002-1342-8482 Orr, Scott A. 5004 510 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Area Ingeniería Construcción 14, 11 (2024), 3542 [21 pp.] Buildings (Basel) Buildings (Basel) 2075-5309 1009096 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/145743/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2722143 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/145743/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:145743 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:46:54 ARTICLE