doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.372engEveloy, ValerieKannan, PravinRomeo, Luis M.Comparative energy, emissions and economic assessment of low-carbon iron and steel making processes using imported liquid organic hydrogen carrier optionsART-2024-140398Hydrogen (H2)-based steel making is expected to become a major driver of intercontinental low-carbon H2 imports. Eight H2 supply scenarios based on either local H2 production at major steel producing locations (Germany/Japan), or liquid H2 carrier (dibenzyltoluene/perhydrodibenzyltiluene, DBT/PDBT) import from the United Arab Emirates, and their integration with H2 direct reduced iron (H-DRI) and electric arc furnace (EAF) processes, are investigated using process modeling. Solar energy-based PDBT import using surplus heat for dehydrogenation is the most cost-competitive H2 import scenario in Germany's case (levelized steel production cost, ∼685 $/tLS, with carbon emissions, ∼237 kgCO2/tLS). In Japan's case this scenario is the most economically favorable of all scenarios (∼736 $/tLS), with emissions (∼350 kgCO2/tLS) comparable to natural gas-DRI-EAF with 50% carbon capture. Steam methane reforming with carbon capture-based PDBT import is neither environmentally nor economically viable. PDBT-based H-DRI-EAF production cost is sensitive to electricity, H2 production, dehydrogenation energy, and carbon costs.2024http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/14698910.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.372http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/146989oai:zaguan.unizar.es:146989International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 89 (2024), 1321-1341All rights reservedhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess